摘要 [目的] 為了分析土壤有效硼、鋅、鉬含量和煙葉B、Zn、Mo含量。[方法] 2012年采用采樣調(diào)查和分析測(cè)試的手段，分別采集平頂山葉縣煙區(qū)土壤和煙葉樣品。 [結(jié)果] 葉縣煙區(qū)42.86%的植煙土壤缺硼，龔店、葉邑、水寨和仙臺(tái)土壤缺硼較嚴(yán)重；葉縣煙區(qū)土壤總體呈現(xiàn)極度缺鋅狀況，其中龔店、葉邑、夏李、仙臺(tái)、龍泉和廉村土壤有效鋅含量極度缺乏；葉縣煙區(qū)28.57%的植煙土壤缺鉬，洪莊楊和廉村土壤有效鉬含量最低；葉縣煙葉平均硼含量為27.51 mg/kg，鄧?yán)顭熑~硼含量最低；葉縣煙葉平均鋅含量為19.11 mg/kg，洪莊楊、水寨和葉邑?zé)熑~鋅含量最低。葉縣煙葉平均鉬含量為0.27 mg/kg，其中，龍泉和夏李煙葉鉬含量最低。[結(jié)論]該研究對(duì)于葉縣濃香型煙葉生產(chǎn)中合理施用微量元素肥料、提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)具有一定的理論和實(shí)踐意義。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 煙草；硼鋅鉬；農(nóng)藝性狀；產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)值
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2014）25-08566-03
　　Abstract [Objective]The research aimed to measure available boron， zinc， molybdenum contents in soil and B， Zn， Mo contents in leaf samples. [Method] In 2012， the sampling and analysistesting means were adopted， and tobaccogrowing soil and tobacco leaf samples in Pingdingshan City， Yexian County， were collected. [Result] The areas of tobaccoplanting soil boron deficiency in Yexian County was 42.86%.In Gong Dian， Ye Yi， Shui Zhai and Xian Tai， leaf boron deficiency was more serious. Tobaccogrowing soil in Yexian County showed the extreme zinc deficiency condition， wherein， soil available Zn contents of Gong Dian， Ye Yi， Xia Li， Xian Tai， Long Quan， and Lian Cun were very little. Mo deficiency of Yexian County tobaccoplanting soil was 28.57%， and soil available molybdenum content in Hong Zhuang Yang and Lian Cun was the lowest. The average boron content in Yexian County tobacco was 27.51 mg/kg， and the lowest boron content of tobacco leaves was in Deng Li. The average zinc content in Yexian County tobacco was 19.11 mg/kg， and the lowest zinc content of tobacco leaves was in Hong Zhuang Yang， Shui Zhai and Ye Yi. The average molybdenum content in Yexian County tobacco was 0.27 mg/kg. Among them， tobacco molybdenum content of Long Quan and Xia Li was the lowest. [Conclusion] The study had certain theoretical and practical significance for the reasonable application of trace element fertilizer to increase yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Yexian County fluecured tobacco production.
　　Key words Tobacco； B； Zn； Mo； Agronomic properties； Yield； Output value
　　煙草是產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)兼顧的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，不但要求有適宜的產(chǎn)量，而且要求有較好的品質(zhì)。煙葉品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣不僅受到品質(zhì)因素的制約，而且受到氣候、土壤、栽培和烘烤技術(shù)的影響。而栽培措施中的施肥因素對(duì)煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響最為顯著。平衡和諧的礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)供應(yīng)對(duì)于特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉品質(zhì)的形成十分重要[1-2]。在烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和品質(zhì)形成的過(guò)程中，除了氮磷鉀大量元素，硼鋅鉬等微量元素對(duì)烤煙也具有重要的生理作用。有報(bào)道指出，硼、鋅、鉬等微量元素能夠協(xié)調(diào)煙株生理代謝，改善煙株植物學(xué)性，根系發(fā)達(dá)，煙葉提前落黃，烤后油份足、身份好，增質(zhì)增產(chǎn)[3-6]。河南省人多地少，煙糧爭(zhēng)地矛盾突出，煙田連作嚴(yán)重，加之長(zhǎng)期大量投入氮磷鉀肥料，未注重土壤微量元素肥料的補(bǔ)充，土壤中營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的不平衡或缺乏問(wèn)題日益突出，已成為影響煙葉質(zhì)量進(jìn)一步提高的重要因素，而且隨著煙葉生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，這個(gè)問(wèn)題將變得越來(lái)越突出[7-8]。
　　河南省平頂山市葉縣作為典型的濃香型煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)，是貴州中煙工業(yè)的原料基地單元，負(fù)責(zé)為貴州中煙提供充足、優(yōu)質(zhì)的原料保障服務(wù)。通過(guò)對(duì)葉縣植煙土壤與烤煙的全面取樣和分析，筆者研究了葉縣植煙土壤和煙葉中硼、鋅、鉬微量元素含量的分布狀況，對(duì)于推動(dòng)葉縣煙區(qū)合理施用微肥、提高濃香型煙葉產(chǎn)量、改善煙葉品質(zhì)具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。

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