摘要：通過(guò)采集和分析1 496個(gè)巴東縣野三關(guān)基地單元基本煙田土壤樣品，綜合評(píng)價(jià)其主要養(yǎng)分豐缺狀況，并提出合理的施肥建議。結(jié)果表明，野三關(guān)基地單元土壤pH適宜優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)的樣品比例為54.88%，92.45%樣品有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)適宜標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或以上；該煙區(qū)土壤全氮、全磷和全鉀含量均較適宜于優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)，而且8.14%樣品的土壤全氮、4.65%樣品的全鉀和近44.00%樣品的土壤全磷含量高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；該基地單元69.85%的土壤樣品堿解氮較適宜，57.95%的土壤樣品速效磷含量適宜，但仍有近36.00%的土壤樣品速效磷含量偏低或缺乏，59.23%土壤樣品速效鉀較適宜，但仍有近21.00%土壤速效鉀含量偏低。針對(duì)野三關(guān)煙區(qū)植煙土壤養(yǎng)分狀況，提出“控氮、增磷、補(bǔ)鉀”的施肥策略，同時(shí)可以通過(guò)翻壓綠肥等措施來(lái)降低土壤對(duì)磷的吸附固定作用，提高磷肥的利用率，并施用生石灰等可以調(diào)節(jié)土壤的pH至適宜范圍。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：植煙土壤；養(yǎng)分狀況；施肥策略；巴東縣
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572.061 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2014）17-4036-04
　　The Status of Soil Fertility and Fertilization Strategy in Ye Sanguang Tobacco-growing Areas of Badong County
　　FENG Fan-wen1， SU Hua-yi2，ZOU Yong3，HE Peng3，TUO Sheng-hui1， HUANG Xue-jie1，XU Ding-sheng1
　　LI Wei1，HUANG Jing1，ZHOU Jian-qian4
　　（1.Enshi Tobacco Corporation，Enshi 445000， Hubei， China
　　2.Soil Fertilizer Workstation of Badong，Badong 444300， Hubei， China；
　　3.Shenzhen Tobacco Industrial Co.， Ltd.，Shenzhen 518109， Guangdong， China；
　　4.Bijie Flue-Cured Tobacco Factory of Guizhou Tobacco Redrying Industrial Co.， Ltd.， Bijie 551700， Guizhou， China）
　　Abstract： The 1 496 soil samples from Ye sanguang base unit of Badong county were analysed. The main nutrient status was evaluated synthetically. Advices on reasonable fertilization were were put forward. The results showed that the pH value of 54.88% soil samples in Ye sanguan base unit was suitable for high quality tobacco. The organic matter content of 92.45% soil samples was suitable or at the high level. The contents of total N， total P and total K in the tobacco area were suitable for high quality tobacco. Total N of 4.65% samples， total K of 8.14% samples and total P of nearly 44% samples were high. The soil available N of 69.85% samples was more appropriate. The soil available P content of 57.95% samples was suitable， but available P content 36% samples was low or deficient. The soil available K content of 59.23% samples was suitable， but still available K content of 21% samples were low. According to the soil nutrient status， it is recommended to control N， supply P， increase K， reduce the adsorption and immobilize phosphorus by green manure and other measures， improve the utilization efficiency of P， and rugulate pH to the proper range by using quicklime etc.
　　Key words： tobacco-growing areas； nutrient status； fertilization strategy； Badong county
　　土壤是影響煙葉品質(zhì)的重要生態(tài)條件之一。優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)需要養(yǎng)分適宜的土壤環(huán)境，而且煙葉內(nèi)在品質(zhì)和烤后原煙外觀質(zhì)量與土壤養(yǎng)分組成和含量高低有著密切的關(guān)系[1，2]。有研究表明，植煙土壤pH最適范圍為5.5～6.5[3]；有機(jī)質(zhì)低于25 g/kg[4，5]；全氮含量低于2.0 g/kg，堿解氮低于150 mg/kg[6]；全鉀含量大于20 g/kg，土壤速效鉀大于120 mg/kg[7]；全磷含量大于1.0 g/kg，速效磷大于10 mg/kg[6]。任四海等[8]、畢慶文等[9]研究表明，植煙土壤的養(yǎng)分狀況直接影響煙草生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育水平，進(jìn)而影響煙葉的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。因此，對(duì)植煙土壤肥力適宜性評(píng)價(jià)是十分重要的，適宜性評(píng)價(jià)是通過(guò)對(duì)煙田各土壤肥力因素的綜合評(píng)價(jià)來(lái)確定其對(duì)烤煙種植的適宜性程度和豐缺狀況[10]，進(jìn)而提出科學(xué)的施肥策略，達(dá)到煙葉優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目的。

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