常見(jiàn)的政治術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯

　 一國(guó)兩制，三個(gè)代表，八榮八恥，四個(gè)全面......咱們國(guó)家?guī)��?shù)字的政治術(shù)語(yǔ)可真不少，同時(shí)這也顯示了咱們漢語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)潔明了，簡(jiǎn)短的四個(gè)字就能概括好幾句話的政策闡述。我在此整理了相關(guān)知識(shí)，快來(lái)看看吧!

　常見(jiàn)的政治術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯

　一國(guó)兩制 One Country, Two Systems

　"一國(guó)兩制"是中華人民共和國(guó)前任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)統(tǒng)一的目標(biāo)而創(chuàng)造的方針，是中華人民共和國(guó)政府在臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題上的主要方針，也即香港、澳門(mén)兩個(gè)特別行政區(qū)所采用的制度。

　There should only be one China, but the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, once reunified with the rest of the country, could retain their original economic and political systems while other parts keep pursuing socialism.

　只有一個(gè)中國(guó)，但是香港、澳門(mén)和臺(tái)灣地區(qū)與祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一后可以繼續(xù)保留其原來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治制度，內(nèi)地繼續(xù)實(shí)行社會(huì)主義制度。

　"兩個(gè)一百年"奮斗目標(biāo) Two Centenary Goals

　"兩個(gè)一百年"奮斗目標(biāo)在十五大報(bào)告中首次提出，黨的十八大報(bào)告中再次得到重申。

　To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary

　in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the Peoples Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.

　在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì)，在新中國(guó)成立一百年時(shí)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。

　"三步走"戰(zhàn)略 Three-Step Development Strategy

　這是 1987 年 10 月黨的十三大提出的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)分的總體戰(zhàn)略部署。

　Originally floated by the central government in 1987, the first step was to double the GNP of 1980 by 1990 and to ensure that most of the population had enough food and clothing. The second step was to double the annual GNP of 1990 by 2000 and ensure that most people were living prosperous lives. The third step is to quadruple the GNP of 2000 by 2020, ensure that most people are living well-off lives and have a fully operational market economy in China.

　1987 年由中央政府提出，第一步目標(biāo)，1980 年到 1990 年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 1980 年翻一番，解決人民的溫飽問(wèn)題;第二步目標(biāo)，到 2000 年國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 1990 年增長(zhǎng)一倍，大部分人民生活達(dá)到小康水平;第三步目標(biāo)，到 2020 年，國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比 2000 年翻兩番，人民生活比較富裕，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全面發(fā)展。

　三個(gè)代表 Three Represents

　"三個(gè)代表"重要思想是江澤民同志 2000 年 2 月 25 日在廣東省考察工作

　時(shí)提出的，從全面總結(jié)黨的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和如何適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)新任務(wù)的要求出發(fā)，首次對(duì)"三個(gè)代表"重要思想進(jìn)行了比較全面的闡述。

　The Communist Party of China (CPC) should "represent the development trend of Chinas most advanced productive forces, the orientation of Chinas most advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people".

　中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨要始終代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，始終代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，始終代表中國(guó)最廣大人民的根本利益。

　三嚴(yán)三實(shí) Three stricts and three honests

　2014 年 3 月 9 日，習(xí)近平總書(shū)記在中華人民共和國(guó)第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第二次會(huì)議安徽代表團(tuán)參加審議時(shí)，關(guān)于推進(jìn)作風(fēng)建設(shè)的講話中，提到"既嚴(yán)以修身、嚴(yán)以用權(quán)、嚴(yán)以律己，又謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)"的重要論述，稱為"三嚴(yán)三實(shí)"講話。

　"Three stricts and three honests," The slogan refers to: "be strict in morals, power and disciplining oneself; be honest in decisions, business and behavior."

　"三嚴(yán)三實(shí)"指的是，"既嚴(yán)以修身、嚴(yán)以用權(quán)、嚴(yán)以律己，又謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)"。

　"四個(gè)全面"戰(zhàn)略布局 Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy

　2014 年 11 月，習(xí)近平到福建考察調(diào)研時(shí)提出了"協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)全面建成小康社會(huì)、全面深化改革、全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)進(jìn)程"的"三個(gè)全面"。2014 年 12月在江蘇調(diào)研時(shí)則將"三個(gè)全面"上升到了"四個(gè)全面"。

　To make comprehensive moves to:

　1) finish building a moderately prosperous society; 全面建成小康社會(huì)

　2) deepen reform; 全面深化改革

　3) advance the law-based governance of China; 全面依法治國(guó)

　4) strengthen Party self-discipline. 全面從嚴(yán)治黨。

　四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化 Four modernizations

　1954 年召開(kāi)的第一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)，第一次明確的提出要實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)和國(guó)防的四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的任務(wù)，1956 年又一次把這一任務(wù)列入黨的八大所通過(guò)的黨章中。

　the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology

　農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，國(guó)防現(xiàn)代化，科技現(xiàn)代化

　四項(xiàng)基本原則 The Four Cardinal Principles

　1979 年 3 月 30 日，鄧小平代表中共中央在北京召開(kāi)的理論工作務(wù)虛會(huì)上作了題為《堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則》的講話。鄧小平在講話中提出必須堅(jiān)持的"四項(xiàng)基本原則"。

　The Four Cardinal Principles to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the peoples democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought are the foundation on which to build the country.

　堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路，堅(jiān)持人民民主專政，堅(jiān)持共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持馬列

　主義、毛澤東思想

　和平共處五項(xiàng)原則 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

　和平共處五項(xiàng)原則于 1953 年底由周恩來(lái)總理在接見(jiàn)印度代表團(tuán)時(shí)第一次提出，是在建立各國(guó)間正常關(guān)系及進(jìn)行交流合作時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的基本原則。

　Respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other, not to invade the soil of each other, do not interfere in each others internal affairs, the ties should be equally based, and mutually beneficial for the two countries to coexist peacefully

　互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處

　五講四美三熱愛(ài) 5 stresses, 4 beauties and 3 loves

　"五講四美三熱愛(ài)"為 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代最數(shù)字化的經(jīng)典口號(hào)，是中國(guó)共青團(tuán)在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的指引下，在新的歷史時(shí)期首創(chuàng)的群眾性活動(dòng)。

　stress on decorum ,stress on manners, stress on hygiene, stress on discipline, stress on morals

　講文明，講禮貌，講衛(wèi)生，講秩序，講道德

　beauty of the mind, beauty of the language, beauty of the behavior, beauty of the environment

　心靈美，語(yǔ)言美，行為美，環(huán)境美

　love of the motherland, love of the socialism, love of the Chinese Communist Party

　熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)，熱愛(ài)社會(huì)主義，熱愛(ài)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨

　八榮八恥 eight-honor and eight-shame

　"八榮八恥"社會(huì)主義榮辱價(jià)值觀是胡錦濤同志于 2006 年 3 月 4 日下午在第十屆中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第四次會(huì)議的民盟、民進(jìn)聯(lián)組會(huì)上發(fā)表的"關(guān)于樹(shù)立社會(huì)主義榮辱觀"的講話中提出的。

　honor to those who love the motherland, and shame on those who harm the motherland

　以熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)為榮、以危害祖國(guó)為恥，

　honor to those who serve the people, and shame on those who betray the people

　以服務(wù)人民為榮、以背離人民為恥，

　honor to those who quest for science, and shame on those who refuse to be educated

　以崇尚科學(xué)為榮、以愚昧無(wú)知為恥，

　honor to those who are hardworking, and shame on those who indulge in comfort and hate work

　以辛勤勞動(dòng)為榮、以好逸惡勞為恥，

　honor to those who help each other, and shame on those who seek gains at the expense of others

　以團(tuán)結(jié)互助為榮、以損人利己為恥，

　honor to those who are trustworthy, and shame on those who trade integrity for profits

　以誠(chéng)實(shí)守信為榮、以見(jiàn)利忘義為恥，

　honor to those who abide by law and discipline, and shame on those who break laws and disciplines

　以遵紀(jì)守法為榮、以違法亂紀(jì)為恥，

　honor to those who uphold plain living and hard struggle, and shame on those who wallow in extravagance and pleasures

　以艱苦奮斗為榮、以驕奢淫逸為恥。

　重要政治文件中的常用術(shù)語(yǔ)

　中文

　英文

　"四個(gè)全面"戰(zhàn)略布局

　【釋義】全面建成小康社會(huì)、全面深化改革、全面依法治國(guó)、全面從嚴(yán)治黨。

　Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy

　The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to:

　1) finish building a moderately prosperous society;

　2) deepen reform;

　3) advance the law-based governance of China; and

　4) strengthen Party self-discipline.

　"兩個(gè)一百年"奮斗目標(biāo)

　【釋義】在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì)，在新中國(guó)成立一百年時(shí)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。

　Two Centenary Goals

　The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the Peoples Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.

　三期疊加

　simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies

　雙目標(biāo)

　【例】保持中高速增長(zhǎng)和邁向中高端水平雙目標(biāo)。

　dual objectives

　We must focus on achieving the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high rate of growth and moving toward a medium-high level of development.

　雙引擎

　【例】打造大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新和增加公共產(chǎn)品、公共服務(wù)雙引擎。

　twin engines

　We need to develop twin engines

　popular entrepreneurship and innovation, and greater supplies of public goods and services

　to

　drive development.

　新常態(tài)

　【例】經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，精神面貌要有新?tīng)顟B(tài)。

　new normal

　Chinas economic development has entered a new normal, meaning we must adopt a new mindset.

　高壓態(tài)勢(shì)

　【例】始終保持反腐高壓態(tài)勢(shì)，對(duì)腐敗分子零容忍、嚴(yán)查處。

　tough stance

　Our tough stance on corruption is here to stay; our tolerance for corruption is zero, and anyone guilty of corruption will be dealt with severely.

　硬骨頭

　【例】啃了不少硬骨頭

　tough issue

　We tackled many tough issues.

　攔路虎

　【例】體制機(jī)制弊端和結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾是"攔路虎"。

　tiger in the road

　Institutional and structural problems have become "tigers in the road" holding up development.

　扶上馬、送一程

　【例】中小微企業(yè)大有可為，要扶上馬、送一程。

　give (sb) a leg up to get (sb) going

　Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going.

　創(chuàng)客

　【例】眾多"創(chuàng)客" 脫穎而出。

　maker

　We have seen great numbers of makers giving expression to their talents.

　眾創(chuàng)空間

　【例】發(fā)展眾創(chuàng)空間

　maker space

　develop maker spaces

　中國(guó)制造 2025

　Made in China 2025 strategy

　"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+"行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

　Internet Plus Action Plan

　普惠金融

　inclusive finance

　稅收法定原則

　principle of law-based taxation

　保持戰(zhàn)略定力

　maintain strategic focus

　經(jīng)濟(jì)行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)

　maintain sustainable economic growth

　強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)

　strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards

　健康穩(wěn)定的大國(guó)關(guān)系框架

　a sound and stable framework for major-country relations

　為公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)搭好舞臺(tái)

　level the playing field for fair competition

　織密織牢民生保障網(wǎng)

　develop a tightly woven and sturdy safety net

　讓更多的金融活水流向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)

　allow more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy

　從制造大國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)向制造強(qiáng)國(guó)

　transform China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality

　加強(qiáng)國(guó)際傳播能力建設(shè)

　improve our ability to communicate effectively with international audiences

　結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅和普遍性降費(fèi)

　make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board

　精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧

　take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty

　以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力

　invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure

　保基本、兜底線、建機(jī)制

　build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make due institutional arrangements

　有權(quán)不可任性

　Power is not to be used arbitrarily.

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