英語短文改錯常見
發(fā)布時間:2017-01-20 來源: 短文摘抄 點擊:
英語短文改錯常見篇一:英語短文改錯常見考點
高考總復(fù)習(xí)之短文改錯常見考點和熱點專題
在近年的高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試,英語測試卷中都設(shè)置有短文改錯題。此題型所覆蓋的知識面較廣,要求學(xué)生不僅具備牢固的英語基礎(chǔ)知識,還要有一定的分析問題及解決問題的能力。
然而,學(xué)生們在做這種題時,往往感覺無從下手,似乎感到某個地方有錯,卻又無法準(zhǔn)確地找出來。當(dāng)一看答案,或經(jīng)老師一講,便豁然開朗,這種現(xiàn)象明顯反映出,學(xué)生平時缺乏練習(xí),不熟悉常見的考點和熱點,因而也就不具備問題的分析能力,更談不上有對語言的準(zhǔn)確使用能力。為了備戰(zhàn)高考,提高短文改錯能力,現(xiàn)以高考命題角度及一些試題為例,作些淺析。
一、多詞
1、抽象名詞前多余的冠詞。
2、不可數(shù)名詞前多余的不定冠詞。
3、專有名詞前多余的冠詞。除特殊情況外,專有名詞前不用冠詞。
4、泛指復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前多余的冠詞。
5、固定詞組中名詞前多余的定冠詞。 。(
6、one+名詞,指示代詞+名詞,every+名詞及l(fā)ast/next+名詞組成的時間狀語前多余的介詞。
7、在某些固定搭配中,賓語補(bǔ)足語用不帶to的動詞不定式,加to是多余的。幾個動詞作并列謂語,加to也是多余的。
8、及物動詞與直接賓語間多余的介詞。
9、某些及物動詞,因詞義混淆,用了多余的介詞或副詞。
10、某些及物動詞的固定詞組中,直接賓語前用了多余的不定冠詞。
11、單音節(jié)形容詞比較級前用多余的more。如:more longer。
12、其他情況。
二、缺詞
1.表示一類事物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前缺冠詞。
It’s ? famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (a)
2.單數(shù)名詞前缺少表示“—”(一個/所/……)的不定冠詞。
3.特指名詞前缺定冠詞the。
4.作賓語或狀語用的動詞不定式缺to。
My Parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can ? make
sure that I get a good education.(to)
5.作定語用的動詞不定式后缺少必要的介詞,否則語意不合邏輯。
6.作狀語的介詞詞組缺少必要的介詞。
7.作賓語的詞前缺少必要的物主代詞。
8.不及物動詞的間接賓語缺少介詞。
9.形容詞最高級前缺冠詞the。如:one of most important things(most前缺the)。
10.并列句缺并列連詞。
11.句子as+形容詞+名詞+as+主語+動詞……結(jié)構(gòu)中缺副詞as。如:In some places you may borrow many books as you want(many books前缺as)。
12.動詞短語中缺必要的介詞。
13.名詞性從句作主語缺連詞、代詞、副詞。
14.定語從句中缺作主語的關(guān)系代詞。例1:The changes have taken place are great.(have前缺定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞that/which)例2:Is he the boy did the good deed?(did前缺定語從句中表人的關(guān)系代詞who)
15.缺系動詞或動詞結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。
三、錯詞
1.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)(主要指行為動詞)的錯誤。 I remembered her words and calm down. (calmed) She liked it very much and reads it to the class. (read)
2.非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(新近語法稱動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞為動詞的-ing形式),短文改錯中,判斷非謂語的錯誤,下列幾點很重要:
⑴非謂語動詞具有動詞性質(zhì),有時態(tài)和語態(tài)之分,但不能單獨作謂語動詞用。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper (talking)
⑵現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在句中表示主語所處的狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞多含主動意義,過去分詞多含被動意義。
⑶現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞都以-ing的形式出現(xiàn),兩者的主要區(qū)別是:現(xiàn)在分詞有形容詞性質(zhì),動名詞具有名詞性質(zhì)。
3.介詞。
⑴介詞的含義很多,可表示時間、地點、方向、方位、狀態(tài)、方式、方法、手段等,很多時間用于成語之中。短文改錯時應(yīng)根據(jù)句子意義或上下文檢查介詞是否用得準(zhǔn)確。
⑵介詞在句中不能單獨作謂語。
⑶另一點值得指出的是不該用介詞時用了介詞。如next year常寫成 in next year.
I was so tired that I fell asleep
⑷介詞與動詞組成的詞組要多加注意。 4.冠詞。英語只有a,an和the三個冠詞,用起來卻很復(fù)雜。在短文改錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時又用了;該用an卻用了a;該用a(an)卻用了the。檢查短文改錯中冠詞的用法,基本要點有:
⑴單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表一類事物,在它的前面要加a(an)或the。(2003)My teacher advised me to keep my diary。(a)
⑵名詞前使用哪個冠詞最主要決定于名詞是特指還是泛指。如果是泛指,單數(shù)名詞前要加a(an),如果是特指,名詞前要加the(。2001)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
⑶物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞表示一般概念,通常不加冠詞。專有名詞前,除了上述特殊情況,一般不加冠詞。
5.一致性原則。一般而言,有六點值得注意。
(1)注意主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是否一致 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (are) Their word were a great encouragement to me.(words)
(2)注意謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)前后是否一致。
My parents love me…, They did not want me to do any work…(do) We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories……The time passes quickly(visited/ passed) (3)注意名詞的數(shù)與格的使用前后是否一致。
She said that she and my classmate all wished me success.(classmates)
I’ll get good marks in all my subject (subjects) I was busy talking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(pictures)
(4)注意行文邏輯中指代詞的一致。如人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞指代時是否一致;不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞的使用是否正確;it作形式主語、形式賓語或
指代時有無缺漏。
…and I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English (everything)
…as I was learning to express me in simple English (myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed ? to my teacher. (it)注意
(5)接詞,如關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞及從屬連詞在復(fù)合句中的使用是否正確。 ut it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (whether) I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (that)
(6)搞清文字段落中的邏輯意義和邏輯關(guān)系,注意判斷諸如象and, or, but, so, howeve6r, therefore等詞的運(yùn)用是否正確。 She was smiling but nodding at me. (and) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest (or) The food was expensive and the service was good. (but)
6.易混淆的詞或詞組。在短文改錯中,常見的錯誤有:
⑴把名詞用作動詞,如advice(n)代替advise(v);practice(n)代替practise(v),這樣的詞讀音相同或相似,是很容易混淆的原因。
⑵詞性相同,詞義相近,但用法不一樣,如:much(adv),very(adv);high(adv),highly(adv);hard(adv),hardly(adv);wide(adv),widely(adv);good(adj),well(adj);besides(prep),except(prep)等。
⑶形相似,意義不同的詞和詞組,如:already,all ready;altogether,all together;everyday,every day;sometime,some time等。
⑷另外有些動詞形相似,但是及物動詞還是不及物動詞,應(yīng)注意區(qū)別,如:rise(vi),raise(vt);lie(vi),lay(vt)等,一不小心就搞混了。
⑸動詞詞組中動詞后接用的詞也值得注意,如:finish,consider等后只能接動名詞,其他如devote to,pay attention to,look forward to中的to是介詞,后面只能接名詞或動名詞。
綜上所述,所謂的高考考點及熱點實際上源于學(xué)生習(xí)作中常犯錯誤,題材亦源于學(xué)生生活中常見的事情。因而,在平時的寫作訓(xùn)練中,學(xué)生應(yīng)力求語言使用的準(zhǔn)確性,多背一些常用詞組及精美文章,避免按照漢語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)拼湊句子。同時,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)同學(xué)間的互助合作。在完成一篇短文寫作后,應(yīng)交換批改,,長期堅持,相互之間的改錯能力都會大有提高。
英語短文改錯常見篇二:英語短文改錯常見類型
英語短文改錯常見類型
1. while 和when
● when 解析〔引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句〕
(1).表明一個動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個動作正在進(jìn)行之中。例如:
When the teacher came into the classroom ,we wereplaying.當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)教室時,我們正在玩鬧。
(2).表明當(dāng)某一動作正在進(jìn)行時,另一動作發(fā)生了。如:
When Lily was flying a kite,she found a child crying on the ground.莉莉正在放風(fēng)箏時,她發(fā)現(xiàn)操場上有個小孩哭。
〔特別提示〕當(dāng)when從句放在主句之后時,它更強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動作的突然性,此時的when相當(dāng)于and then,and suddenly,just at that time。
I was taking a walk when I came across Lily.我正在散步時,(沒想到)遇見了莉莉。
特別是主句中有just,或when從句中有suddenly時,這種突然性更為明顯、強(qiáng)烈。例如: We were doing my homework at home last night when the lights went out.昨天晚上我正在家寫作業(yè)時,燈(突然)滅了。
〔相關(guān)鏈接〕when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句除了上述意義之外,也常具有其他一些含義:
1.一??就??(=as soon as)
We will stand up when the teacher comesin.老師一進(jìn)來我們就起立。
2.雖然;然而;可是(=although)
We had only five boxes when we needed eight.我們需要八個箱子,可是只有五個。
3.每當(dāng)??(=whenever)
It is always very hot here when it is summer.每當(dāng)夏季,這兒總是很熱。
4.既然(=since,as)
Why did you come here on foot when you know you should come by bike?既然你知道該騎自行車來,你為何還要步行呢?
● while 解析
while引導(dǎo)狀語從句,有以下兩種含義:
(1).表示某個動作正在進(jìn)行的同時,另一動作也在進(jìn)行之中,這時主從句都用進(jìn)行時態(tài),有對同類的兩個動作進(jìn)行對比的意味。如:
While I was playing the game,she was readcing.我在玩游戲,她在讀書。
(2).表示某個動作正在進(jìn)行時,又發(fā)生了另一動作(該動作用一般過去時)。如: While I was reading,I fell asleep.我讀著讀著就睡著了。
〔相關(guān)鏈接〕
while還有以下幾種常見用法:
(1).只要(=as long as)
There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空氣和水,就會有生命。
(2).而;然而〔表示對比〕
He is a driver while I'm a teacher.他是司機(jī),而我是老師。
(3).雖然(=although);盡管〔表示讓步〕
While I see what you say,I can't agree with you.雖然我能理解你說的話,但是我不能同意你。
(4).用作名詞,表示“一會兒或一段時間”,常與a,the或this等連用。如:
Just wait a while and then I will help you.等一下,我會來幫你的。
2.不定冠詞與定冠詞
不定冠詞a (an)是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示"一個",意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。
A Mr. Li is waiting for you.李先生正在等您。
2) 代表一類人或物
Mr. Smith is an poor. 史密斯先生是窮人。
3)用在可數(shù)名詞前
Mr. Smith is an theacher.史密斯先生是老師
定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有"那(這)個"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。
定冠詞的用法:
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
2)上文提到過的人或事:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
3)指世上獨一物二的事物:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。
6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體:
They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)
7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級、等專有名詞前:
the United States 美國
9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前: She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。
10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)
11) 用在慣用語中:
in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country)
in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end,
on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
3. beside和besides
Beside在?旁邊 besides除?之外
4.—ed和—ing
人用—ed物和事用—ing
5.易混用詞語
6. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意不可數(shù)名詞
7.時態(tài)
8. 連詞
though不與but連用,because不與so連用等
9. 形容詞、副詞
誤用形容詞修飾形容詞,誤用副詞修飾名詞,誤用形容詞修飾動詞,誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等,特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”。
高中階段去e加ly的只有ture
10.代詞
形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用,關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用,代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用,代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用,各個不定代詞之間的誤用,反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用,代詞的指代錯誤,定語從句中多用代詞等
11.主謂一致
12.句法
1主謂語在數(shù)上的一致;
I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is
2名詞性從句;
A man came up to him and asked what he needed.
3定語從句;
This would save the life of many animals, some of which have almost died out.
4強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who?
句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。
英語短文改錯常見篇三:高中英語短文改錯常見錯誤
短文改錯常見錯誤類型
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點 常見動詞錯誤類型有
① 一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用; ② and 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;
③ 主謂不一致; ④ 缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;
⑤ 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用; ⑥ 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。
1)(did 改為do 屬于 ①)
2)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
(visiting 改為 visited錯誤類型屬于②)
3) There will an important game next month.(will后加be錯誤類型屬于④)
4)One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③ 主謂不一致)
2. 名詞的常見錯誤
單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯用;注意區(qū)分名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù);或根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語或謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷。 ① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject 改為subjects)
②(word 改為words)
③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯誤
連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/ or/but等
(一般考查從句關(guān)系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether )
① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯用了who的所有格形式改為whose)
② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折,but改為 and)
③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.
④ When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained.
4. 冠詞錯誤
誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的因素來判定);誤用a 和the(固定搭配,各自單獨使用的地方)
多余的冠詞或則少冠詞。
① We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the the same 是固定搭配)
② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.(mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以加 a ) ③ My teacher advised me to keep my dairy.
④ I hope you have pleasant journey.
5. 形容詞和副詞錯誤
1) 系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞 smell /feel)
2) 詞性的誤用形容詞修飾名詞修飾 實義動詞,形容詞和副詞,過去分詞用副詞
① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞 所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾)
② My pronunciation was terribly.
6. 代詞錯誤
1)代詞的主格和賓格(I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them )
2)反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)
3)代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
4)多余的代詞和少代詞
① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself,
me 改為 myself )
② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it)
③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.
④ What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.
7. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤
1)不定式,動名詞作主語,賓語。
2)and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時),
3)介詞后用動名詞ving形式作賓語。
4)某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。
① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接動名詞 talk--talking)
② But his parents think go to college is more important than(轉(zhuǎn) 載 于:www.newchangjing.com 蒲 公英文 摘:英語短文改錯常見) playing sports.(作主語 改為 going )
③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.
④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.
8. 介詞錯誤
1)詞組中的介詞誤用,2)介詞意思理解偏差,3)介詞的多用或少用
① There are too many people among my family. (among 改為in in my family 為固定搭配)
② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at )
9. 習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考?键c,其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如:It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.of
10. 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their
First, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone
除了上述錯誤類型外,?嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me. and
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or
We may be one family and live under a same roof. the
短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則
1)句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個句子要有動詞;(句子結(jié)構(gòu)與句子成分)
2)謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);
3)非謂語動詞的用法;
4)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),格的使用是否正確;
5)定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6)代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤;
8)并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。
短文改錯解題四原則
1)改動以最少為原則 2)虛詞以添加或刪除為原則 3)實詞以改變詞形為原則
4)以保持句子原意為原則
短文改錯解題步驟
1)通讀全文,掌握大意 2)整句分析,逐行推敲3)反復(fù)通讀,復(fù)查驗證
注意:答題規(guī)范!
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