߿չµĹԿg
l(f)r(sh)g:2020-06-09 (li)Դ: ժ c(din)
|I(y)W(xu)(hu)W(xu)оڣ߿ 삥kg
ժҪ1990ԁ(li)(qing){(dio)Ј(chng)(jng)(zhng)C(j)cȫxxL(fng)ϯ(g)xڞɘOֻU(ku)(hu)ṩՓ(j)ͬr(sh)Ҳɞ顰P(gun)]ԵĄ(dng)(li)NՓٶȻSǻϵΣC(j)R(sh)һ҂횳J(rn)y(tng)ĹՓܡɇ(gu)(do)ę(qun)ԹԣcʽF(xin)(hu)Ĺԡѽ(jng)^(gu)r(sh)ڂ(g)xI(y)ռĕr(sh)҂o(w)һN܉˽ĹՓ͟o(w)(sh)F(xin)Եͨ^(gu)ͬr(sh)M㡰˽־ԸԌ(sh)`(dng)(li)_µĹgչ܉ʹÿһλЙC(j)(hu)ֱӅcĹԿgɞһ(g)oȵ(hu)W(xu)n}
P(gun)I~Ԇl(f)֧ԮgF(tun)w־Ը(dng)(sh)`Ĺg
1.gήs
196070ǰձ(hu)F(xin)^(gu)̽ӑ(hu)cP(gun)ϵğᳱNP(gun)Ԇ(wn)}оӳF(dng)r(sh)ˌW(xu)eOM(jn)(hu)Փ֮bWԘ(gu)\(yn)(dng)Ҳʮָߝq@Щ\(yn)(dng)c(gu)еԽȻͬҪc֮ʽF(xin)һMܴ(hu)ʹԺĮӄ(dng)r(sh)P(gun)(hu)ĸ̽ӑȻʮֻS
Ȼ1970𣬹Ԇ(wn)}u˂ҕҰ M(jn)80ԡƺȫձ˵R(sh)ʧĪ^(gu)ڴxmass democracyĝB(gu)ҵγɺ͂(g)x@Ӱ푡80ĭ(jng)(j)r(sh)˽x_ʼձ(hu)֎衰˽¡һNcxġ˽ĕr(sh)˂(du)(g)xğԣ(do)(hu)\(yn)(dng)ɱήsc׃|(zh)һڂ(g)xصͬr(sh)eOM(jn)Ј(chng)(jng)(zhng)ԭһtγˌй(w)o(w)lίнo(gu)ҵęC(j)K(do)^(q)cط΅f(xi)(hu)gF(tun)wintermediate group(lin)Y(ji)(g)ˣ˽c(hu)֮ý顪˥
@һ1990xص±xеЈ(chng)x̖(ho)īLj(chng)ˡx^±x(hu)܌W(xu)Ј(chng)(jng)(zhng)C(j)ȫ挍(sh)ʩҎ(gu)ƾcp(hu)һ[Ó±xR(sh)ΑB(ti)A(du)ؽ(hu)Ҏ(gu)֏(f)y(tng)ͥcͬwfđfx?ci)cfеļmpқQc؟(z)ε̖(ho)ȫЈ(chng)xcȫx[1]@һďص̶ȿáЈ(chng)ԭּx(li)ݡ@N(du)Ј(chng)f(wn)ܵĸ(jng)(zhng)C(j)Ƽȫx힓P(yng)ȫһN緶(ni)U(ku)ɢL(fng)U(xin)Оڴ(do)қQc؟(z)εIJı[һɡP(gun)]Ե
ȻSĭ(jng)(j)ѣԼڳm(x)(bio)Ј(chng)f(wn)xȫxΣ֮1990𣬡ԏ(f)d\(yn)(dng)ăA_ʼձ̧^[2]cͬr(sh)W(xu)Ҳؽ(hu)ՓӑՓٶȻSc(hu)Փ»Sֲ˂(du)xеġһNP(gun)]Եă(ni)ڄ(dng)ΣC(j)R(sh)һ棬҂ҲòJ(rn)ĹԿܡ(gu)(do)ę(qun)ԹԣcʽF(xin)(hu)ĹԵČ(du)DʽȱɲPߌĹԿ顰ԡ(du)\(yn)(dng)ԡČ(du)DʽJ(rn)Θ(gu)@һԵġհĹgɞҪn}⣬y(tng)ĹՓ(x)TڏĶԪ(du)ĽǶȁ(li)աc˽P(gun)ϵ(do)һNo(w)߀ԭ顰˽Ĺڂ(g)xI(y)ѝBĽ҂o(w)_һNͬr(sh)˽ġԡҕc(din)ôǟo(w)ʹԫ@
µĹgչDZԠ˽r(ji)ǿͨ^(gu)܉ͬr(sh)˽־ԸԌ(sh)`(dng)(li)(sh)F(xin)
2.˽Ĺ
ͨr£ָһNԽ˽P(gun)ν(jng)(j)γəC(j)ơܵ˂ҕĹԴ¿Ʉ֞ɴ
һǡԡҊԹּȤĹI(y)ԼSo(h)(hu)Y(du)˽O(sh)õ@ֹ˂Q顰ĹġһN(qun)(dng)(dng)ĹһԻ\(yn)(dng)ԡ@ͨ^(gu)_ӑՓ(hu)\(yn)(dng)ȷʽγݛՓԴһNҪfo(gu)ҵýڵĹc(qun)(du)ʽݛՓԈ(bo)s־ҕȴý_(ti)ĸNݛՓh(hun)\(yn)(dng)\(yn)(dng)Լƽ\(yn)(dng)\(yn)(dng)ڵ͵\(yn)(dng)[3] (zhn)ձ(hu)ĹԆ(wn)}ʼK@@Զչ_
籾_^ἰǘ196070(hu)cP(gun)ϵ̽ӑȫձ(hu)(du)Ԇ(wn)}P(gun)עڽ(jng)v˷NNKӭ(li)Sԣ(hu)80ԺS(gu)cxĝBr(ji)ֵ^ĶӻʽĂ(g)Ի˂(du)ԵğF(xin)@ˡcͬr(sh)c˽ķxtԽl(f)@cȫͬČγ힓P(yng)˽˽x
ĹҪwF(xin)錦(du)c˽(du)ʽF(xin)ġP(gun)עһNc˽£Լ飩ɵĹңP(gun)ע@ЩԽ˽µĆ(wn)}ˌ(du)ԵP(gun)ڂ(g)xI(y)ռĽ˂yԡc˽Č(du)ǰĹձʮ(li)˽һ(g)˶Ќ(sh)ܵSԣ(hu)ʹձI(y)͇(gu)҃(yu)ȵ(hu)D(zhun)ͳɞ邀(g)˃(yu)(hu)ĺһ˸^(gu)һˡ֮ձ߂ԇ(yn)CđB(ti)Ȍ(du)Ԇ(wn)}M(jn)Іɵ(hu)h(hun)ҕȹݛՓH(du)µγɺo(w)棬(jng)F(xin)(sh)sһNչ[Ʒ㡱M(jn)չʾ
ˣĿǰ҂ڴչһNͬr(sh)˽ġ˽ҕcԡ˽(du)ʽF(xin)ġԡͬ҂횏˽ОЌҵ_عԵC(j)ôβ܌(sh)F(xin)@һԸ
(dng)ǰһNQ֮l(f)֧Ԯ͵ĹI(lng)ȡԣ@ˏVJ(rn)ͬI(lng)־Ը߈F(tun)wNPOǠI(yng)MNGOM(dng)g֧Ԯ(dng)M˂c(dng)ijԴˌ(sh)F(xin)ң(dng)sԮ˵ʽF(xin)ڞϘ(gu)˹ԻA(ch)
־Ը(dng)ּЈ(chng)(li)ṩ^ߵķ(w)Է(w)(jng)Ҫ(du)Ⱥkm(x)˂o(w)ڼĕr(sh)õr(sh)(w)⣬(w)ҲЧ^ͶyЈ(chng)ˣ҂ԏÿһλ˷Ј(chng)ľ֧Ԯ(dng)@һʽF(xin)l(f)Ԍ(sh)`Оȥҍµ
־Ը(dng)cNPO(dng)@ʾǘ֧ԮṩǼԴОԮĿx(sh)F(xin)Ҟǰ@һxv@˽ԡ^(gu)ڴ˽߱ԮО|(zh)̎톖(wn)}ǰԲͨxϵО顣ڴ(g)˵Ҍ(sh)F(xin)ֱc(du)ߵP(gun)ĺ͐o(h)(lin)ϵһҊ֧Ԯ(dng)һNȳ˽ֳԽ˽cߵ(lin)ϵṩC(j)О
|(zh)ܵռ(j)֧ĵλ־ԸԻ(dng)ҕԵĵһЩI(y)ڽ(jng)(j)ϫ@óɹ˂(du)ߵʩОڴȻʣȻھS|(zh)A(ch)˂ѽ(jng)|(zh)ؔ(ci)D(zhun)P(gun)עڃr(ji)ֵҌ(sh)F(xin)Ľrl(f)˸Եĸ׃ڴˣ־Ը(dng)һN_J(rn)Ҵڵě_(dng)ؔ(ci)u(y)͙(qun)ī@
һNͨ^(gu)ԮK(sh)F(xin)ҵĄ(dng)C(j)
һN@옷(l)֮@ȻОm˽sО鷶෴҂ȫԌҕһNО־Ը־̎ڲߝqĕr(sh)ڡMձĭ(jng)(j)Ѷܲ_M(jn)1990`䌍(sh)˔(sh)c|(zh)ܡ˔(sh)֮sʬF(xin)څ(sh)
־Ը־ĸߝq(jng)y(tng)ĹԶԪՓ(gu)(do)c\(yn)(dng)ԡԵġͨ^(gu)ÿһλČ(sh)`ОչṩC(j)
3. gF(tun)w
҂?c)˼Ԇ?wn)}r(sh)(jng)c˽֮ýgF(tun)wintermediate groupҪc(din)gF(tun)wڽڂ(g)c(hu)֮gǃߵýֳГ(dn)(lin)Y(ji)c˽؟(z)^(gu)Щ^(gu)։ԵgF(tun)wɱ˥(sh)(jng)(du)a(chn)^(gu)شӰ푵^(q)cطνMȅ^(q)ԈF(tun)wʧȥáһԲH(yng)P(gun)֮ģ߀회@NP(gun)䌍(sh)(sh)̎܉(dn)εtgF(tun)wĪ
19o(j)~(gu)˼п˾SCharles Alexis Henri Clerel de TocquevilleL(wn)(gu)r(sh)(du)y(tng)gF(tun)w(gu)l(f)MĸNY(ji)a(chn)˝dȤĴ(dn)ؓ(f)(lin)Y(ji)(g)c(gu)؟(z)εĈF(tun)wϿxϣȻڴ˺һ(g)o(j)(gu)ܵIJ(qing)(g)xĝBԼԞĴ(hu)ā(li)Rʹl(f)_(d)(gu)ҵgF(tun)wF(xin)@˥
PԞǰĽO(sh)yX(gu)ҵć(gu)ձgF(tun)wήҵĸԭ@һ߲Hֱӌ(do)ؔ(ci)ΣC(j)wƵĽ߀L(zhng)ˇ(gu)(du)هԡ@һ֞90ᳫصЈ(chng)(jng)(zhng)x؟(z)εAṩ˿ڌ(sh)(do)⏊(qing)ʳ(jng)(zhng)C(j)ƵЈ(chng)f(wn)xڟo(w)(ji)Ƶ?ci)U(ku)қQc؟(z)εʹcˇ(yn)ƉģgF(tun)wܵďص׆ʧ
ͨrgF(tun)wָ^(q)ΈF(tun)wNΕ(hu)͵طͬwȈF(tun)w(li)Ҳ(jng)Á(li)ʾ־ԸߣvolunteerMNPONGOdF(tun)wձ߀һӰ푾ʮֻSgF(tun)wИI(y)f(xi)(hu)ИI(y)f(xi)(hu)Г(dn)(qing)Ե؟(z)ͨ^(gu)(du)(g)c˽I(yng)I(y)(do)cֱ(lin)ϵ@ȻИI(y)F(tun)wһNמ顰õgF(tun)w(sh)SИI(y)f(xi)(hu)ȻɞĴԙC(j)(gu)@ӵĈF(tun)wo(w)Г(dn)ε؟(z)
҂ҪڳԽЈ(chng)cC(j)ƼƵķܵǰ£չµĹgògF(tun)wбҪһ(g)ȲЈ(chng)ҲهɵMɵˡ|(zh)Ϣ֧ԮMý߶Ȱl(f)_(d)ĽgF(tun)wĻ(dng)_ʼȫ@Щ˹ȫ(ni)M(jn)һƏV@ȻgF(tun)wĽO(sh)(du)չµĹgʮҪx
҂߀(yng)ԓͥ^(q)ΈF(tun)wͅ^(q)ͬwȂy(tng)gF(tun)wO(sh)(lin)Y(ji)c˽ȫµý°l(f)](yng)еgF(tun)w(du)ڌҕԽO(sh)Ԟ鼺ε˂P(gun)Ҫ(dng)ǰͥΣC(j)gF(tun)w̎ڱ߅ͥ͵طͬw(jng)ԡԡҪgF(tun)wԴM(jn)HgHܽwF(xin)˸ͳ䌍(sh)(g)w鼺ΡȻSF(xin)(hu)څҲ˽Ԃ(g)xg˥ˡ(wn)}x_ͬ҂ܺҕc(g)˾oBļͥطͬwľҪʹ@ЩF(tun)wث@־Ը߈F(tun)wNPOgF(tun)wͱO(jin)o(h)cߣcare mangerȥ֧ԮԮʹ֏(f)(sh)ճI(lng)֧ԮطW(xu)Уͬwąf(xi)empowermentȫ·ʽF(xin)ĻԙC(j)(c(din)̎xһ(y))
_صģһNHĹ
ژ(gu)o(w)߀ԭЈ(chng)Ĺԕr(sh)҂ò˼P(gun)I(ni)֮һ鹫c˽֮ýĹͬԾ(yng)ԓӵĽɫ(wn)}Mܾеطļͥ^(q)ͬwNPOcNGOdF(tun)wMͬ_̤(sh)صؽO(sh)cSo(h)cճP(gun)ĵطͬӞ_ȫṩ˗l֮ͬr(sh)dgF(tun)w͂y(tng)gF(tun)wɷչµĹͨ^(gu)ߵĽY(ji)Ϙ(gu)ȫԵĘ^Ȼɞ҂(gu)21o(j)(hu)r(sh)o(w)رܵҪn}
4.־Ը
1980ԺһƬʧcЈ(chng)ʧָ؟(z)Уl(f)MĸNԮ(dng)_ʼ־Ը(dng)J(rn)֪ڲهcЈ(chng)ǰ£ṩ^ߵķ(w)Q(wn)}ṩһ(g)Ч;
r(sh)ڵ־Ը(dng)ҕһ(g)(bio)־ձ־Ը(dng)ʽQ¼ձyǷNԡϵʹxF(xin)ĚWʽ־Ը(dng)俴ijЩصˡµI(y)ȻgӿF(xin)(li)ľԮ(dng)D(zhun)˂Kܲ_ʼӴԡϵʹʽڵ־Ը(dng)^(gu)(dng)r(sh)ϣ־Ըе˂(li)ȫ(gu)أSҪĻyʹԮ΄(w)˺ܶyMԮĿĵ־Ը(dng)ֵôᳫ](mi)ƵęC(j)˂ͬӌo(w)õwF(xin)
@Ȼ־Ը(dng)ǟo(w)иɓ_ĪᣨSalamon, Lester M.ͬҕЈ(chng)ʧcʧһ҂ͬбҪֱ桰־Ըߵʧ־Ը(dng)ڲּԴ.YԴIJ.YԴĹì.x͢.ȱI(y)ԵȆ(wn)}[4] M҂?ni)Ȼ?yng)J(rn)ڵx(sh)MܴڸN(wn)}־Ը(dng)](mi)˶ͣDߝq־Ը߈F(tun)wo(w)Փڔ(sh)߀Ҏ(gu)ģ϶ȡ˺ܴM(jn)չڴ˱£1998ձ(gu)(hu)ͨ^(gu)ˡضǠI(yng)(dng)M(jn)NPO־Ը(dng)ȡЈ(chng)һNȫµ(hu)(du)҂̽ԙC(j)ƾҪ?yn)ֹ־Ը?dng)҂߀](mi)ҵκ܉˽չЧ;
־Ը(dng)Ԯ˞ǰОL(zhng)ԁ(li)һֱОķվ(hu)ƌW(xu)(chng)Ͽ(hu)γcSϵǟo(w)О@һǰ֮ϵġ{(dio)(ji)Оɵķcì˂P(gun)עĽc(din)һ־Ը(dng)s@ٶL(zhng)ôδĻ(dng)sܵõѸ͵İl(f)չ@@Ȼһ(g)ֵ҂̽ӑĆ(wn)}^(gu)H{(du)ʽĶԪՓ˼ǟo(w)ʾ־Ը(dng)ӳ挍(sh)(dng)C(j)
|(zh)ĵԄ(dng)C(j)(jng)ռ(j)֧Եλ־Ը(dng)ҕ͵ОǸˌ(du)(sh)Ⱥw(sh)ʩһNОڴԵһNm(x)|(zh)ѽ(jng)õ˂_ʼؔ(ci)D(zhun)?q)x(sh)F(xin)ҵĽrl(f)׃־Ը(dng)ı˂?c)DCڵě_(dng)ؔ(ci)u(y)͵λ˂ͨ^(gu)֧Ԯˌ(sh)F(xin)ңЫ@ÿ옷(l)@һxv־Ը(dng)һNm˽ԅsО־Ը־ȻõˏVJ(rn)ͬMձĭ(jng)(j)ܲ_1990xSc|(zh)S˔(sh)֮fڅ(sh)[5]
־Ը־Խ˂y(tng) c˽ĶԪY(ji)(gu)N(yn)_؍¹gĹԿ(gu)(do)Ժͮa(chn)\(yn)(dng)\(yn)(dng)õ˂ձP(gun)עڃ߶c˽(du)ġĴڞǰlֹcОȱ횿˷˽ĵʼKռ(j)֧ԵλҲf(shu)҂ᳫo(w)˽ġОĆ³L(zhng)(li)zĴ҂yչһlͬr(sh)˽ġĵ·
־Ը(dng)ȫһNОͨ^(gu)_ؼ˽ġ־Ը@һ;ȥչ˽Ŀgo(w)Փ(du)ڿ˷ʧ߀ǡЈ(chng)ʧP(gun)Ҫ⣬T\(yn)(dng)Ҳ(yng)ԓD(zhun)׃˼·ďĹD(zhun)׃֧Ԯρ(li)Ă(g)˵˽Оȥl(f)F(xin)չԵĿ
҂횽һNȲίЈ(chng)ҲهɵMɵ|(zh)Ϣ֧ԮF(tun)wңSýIJl(f)չ@gF(tun)wĻ(dng)Ҳȫпȫ҂ڴȫԵγɡ
ؽͥڃ(ni)^(q)ΈF(tun)wطΕ(hu)Ȃy(tng)gF(tun)w(du)҂(gu)ͬӾh(yun)x(dng)ǰͥΣC(j)ķ̎ڱ߅ͥ@һgF(tun)wNӵĆ(wn)}̎ڳؓ(f)ɠB(ti)ͥ͵طͬw(jng)һNԌ(sh)F(xin)HgHܽwF(xin)˸ҳ䌍(sh)Ŀ(bio)߂䡰ͬԡĈF(tun)wȻSF(xin)(hu)ij˽Ԃ(g)xĝBF(xin)˥
ȻKx_ͬԣͥcطͬwճI(lng)ȻʮҪʹgF(tun)wث@־Ը߈F(tun)wcNPOбҪԱO(jin)o(h)cߵ(gu)һ(g)܉֏(f)ԮW(wng)j(lu)(sh)(li)F(xin)ճI(lng)ĸNdԈF(tun)w֧ԮطW(xu)Уͬwąf(xi)empowermentȵԼ(li)һNHĹԡMܴy(tng)gF(tun)wcNPONGOdgF(tun)wͬ@ą^(q)ɫҪչȫȱ_̤(sh)ص_܇Ĺ
5.(sh)`湫ԵD(zhun)
־Ը(dng)֧ԮО_صĹԣڂ(g)wڌ(sh)`иT(sh)ʩĹڴȞҪo(w)Փc߱ǷR(sh)ОĹОcP(gun)@һxv֧ԮОһNпɲԵČ(sh)`ԹĹҪڹݛՓӑՓԒZ(y)֧ԮA(ch)ĹԄtҕһN(sh)`(dng)
ˣ҂ԌԄֳɌ(sh)`ĹcՓĹԃɴ(sh)`I(lng)(ni)ĹҪָA(j)\(yn)(dng)Լ˺չ_ĸN\(yn)(dng)c(gu)Yxw?fn)ķʽhʽF(xin)Č(sh)`һN(jng)|(zh)(hu)ˮƽҵĹȻF(xin)ڣS|(zh)(hu)ā(li)R˂P(gun)_ʼD(zhun)xM(jn)Įa(chn)I(y)(hu)֧ԮО(hu)ӻ(dng)Ŀǰѽ(jng)ɞҪ(hu)(sh)`(dng)(dng)Ҳڲ_؍µĹԿg
ɷJ(rn)ǣݛՓcӑՓԒZ(y)ĹgͬʮҪ(jng)F(xin)ҕ(ji)ĿеĻ˺֪R(sh)ӵӑՓsʹԎ^păAݛՓҲo(w)Г(dn)ȫĹ؟(z)ÿһλОȥl(f)F(xin)C(j)һʮҪĹ҂ͬr(sh)ע،(sh)`cՓɂ(g)ͬĹMܽ(li)ӿF(xin)SϲgŪΑڿ^ʽķ̖(ho)ٿvߣsЌW(xu)XͶڌ(sh)`(dng)бҪʹ(sh)`cԒZ(y)Ĺ_(d)ƽ
֧Ԯ(dng)չԿgr(sh)[҂ǰҪ΄(w)ҪŪһNճО֧Ԯ(dng)ЧԆ(wn)}؛c(qun)ȿýͨĽ(jng)(j)cοg(ni)ڹҪ֧ߘOпc֧Ԯ(dng)һ֧ԮҲOп܃HHͣڹ(qun)o(w)ϾI(lng)(ni)ɞһ(g)a(b)ԸѸͰl(f)չý֮ϵľW(wng)j(lu)Փ̓Mͬwԣ17o(j)18o(j)F(xin)Ӣ(gu)Ŀ(gu)ɳ(gu)x(hu)ȹݛՓď(f)Ҳܱ֧ԮО(gu)Č(sh)`ĹgиV韵ǰ
ָ҂?c)̽ӑ?wn)}ĕr(sh)(yng)ԓg顰С¡ǡ¡(li)Ա^(gu)ֵȾһἰԾҪͨձ횡(hu)͡ˇ(gu)ҡôSȻ(hu)xҕճԳҪ(qing){(dio)ԒZ(y)Ĺ߀회c˂ճОY(ji)(li)?yn)һ(g)ע(g)x(hu)ȥ_Ԃ(g)ˌ(sh)`ǰĹg͟o(w)_^(sh)˵ąc֮҂HҪeO_عݛՓӑՓԒZ(y)Ĺg߀չ־Ը(dng)NPOȌ(sh)`ĹgԴ˞C(j)M(jn)Եĸĸ
֮ΩнԹǰ֧ԮM܉չµĹMUMĽY(ji)(gu)ɞ҂횽Qشn}Ǯ(dng)ǰt(yng)ԓѹķ_չ(sh)`֧Ԯ(dng)(yng)ԓ֧Ԯ߶ǹߵݣO(sh)(yng)ľ֧ԮTĿǰĠrmȻѽ(jng)R(sh)@һ(wn)}߀](mi)гκP(gun)T܉ͨ^(gu)Ѕ^(q)(j)C(j)P(gun)֧ԮT֧ԮɺϢôȻ(hu)(du)a(chn)هͬW(xu)УҲ(yng)HHƫֵ[6]УҎ(gu)M(jn)й횇@_l(f)B(yng)W(xu)cչ_N֧Ԯ(dng)I(y)Ҳ(yng)ԓֻעЧʵĹԽMD(zhun)ͳmڄ(chung)º̈́(chung)츽Ӄr(ji)ֵ֧ԮͽMMܹ@(g)ȫʧ(hu)ğo(w)ĹD(zhun)֧Ԯô҂͟o(w)ҵQձ(wn)}ķ
ߺ(jin)飺߿ձ(dng)(hu)W(xu)F(xin)ձ|I(y)W(xu)(hu)W(xu)оڡоԼM, Self-Organity, (hu)仯, Social Change, W(xu), Theory of Civilizati, , Civilization, (hu)A, Social Stratificatio, (hu)A(j), Socil Class
ҽMԡ(hu)Փď(f)1986(chung)棩ԽF(xin)1987й磩(hu)AcΡ1989|W(xu)棩1994v棩xW(xu)f(shu)2001꣬|W(xu)磩ҽMc(hu)2005|W(xu)磩L(fng)U(xin)W(xu)T2007r棩ȽʮС(hu)AcΡһ1992걻gɽ(jng)(j)?qng)?bo)l(f)
(li)Դ(hu)ƌW(xu)200712
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[1] xҪ.ͨ^(gu)UҎ(gu)ƌ(sh)F(xin)صЈ(chng)..p(hu)(w)_֧.(gu)I(y)I(yng)қQ؟(z)(li)ȡͬw
[2] @f(shu)ĹԆָЩ(du)1990ĭ(jng)(j)(bio)Ј(chng)f(wn)ȫxIJБn]о߂sͬ،Ԇ(wn)}鿼쌦(du)ĬF(xin)M(jn)2000оȡ˺ܴɹ(hu)W(xu)u(png)Փ2000Kڣ504̖(ho)ԡ21o(j)(hu)W(xu)µĹͬcԡ}ؼ
2001-2002|W(xu)l(f)ľͽ̩2001-2ġ܌W(xu)10
2003ɽڶ̽Եǰ˼Փڴg߀Ⱥl(f)ّcҵ2003}Ұһ/⏴d̫/2004˾2004ɽ|ֱ˾2004Ğ锵(sh)P(gun)Ԇ(wn)}Ʒ@һ(dng)γ^Ĺ܌W(xu)\(yn)(dng)
[3] ߿:ζW(xu)hȤν|W(xu)(hu)2001,265(y)
[4]Salamon, Lester M., Partner in Public Service: Government-Nonprofit Relation in the Modern Welfare State, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,1995,pp.44-48.
[5] 1958ձF(xin)(ni)wÿ궼1f(wn)˞錦(du)_չP(gun)(gu)ݛՓ{(dio)顱1972_ʼ˽ԡ|(zh)S߀ԡS{(dio)(xing)ĿĽY(ji)ֹ1975꣬x|(zh)SıxS˔(sh)Ҫ1975-1979gxߵ˔(sh)څͬ1980_ʼBm(x)xS˔(sh)^(gu)ˡ|(zh)S˔(sh)ĴˣxS˔(sh)֮ʼK̎đB(ti)(sh)(ni)wڈ(bo)ң(gu)vՓ{(dio)ˡ2003գ
[6] ƫֵStandard scoreձW(xu)УÁ(li)W(xu)W(xu)(x)ąϵ(sh)gע
c(din)x