四級(jí)英語(yǔ)短文篇一：四級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀(有答案)

For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use "essay" tests, which require students to write long answers to broad, general questions such as the following ： "Mention several ways in which Benjamin

Franklin has influenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world."

One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student's ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages,too. Some students ate able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble e3xpressing their ideas in the essay form.

Besides, in an essay test the student's score may depend upon the examiner's feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower scorethan he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this, the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.

Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however,a fairly clear picture of the student's knowledge can usually be obtained.

1.What many have been discussed in the previous paragraphs?

[A]The essay test. [B]How teachers test their students.

[C]How students write their essays. [D]The objective test.

2.The essay test is preferred because______.

[A]it shows more about the student's understanding of the subject

[B]it tests the student's knowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas.

[C]it gives each student a fairer chance

[D]its scoring may be influenced by the examiner's feelings

3.The word 'this' （ Line 4, Para.3 ） refers to the fact that ______.

[A]students may receive a lower score in an essay test

[B]another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark

[C]different examiners may give the same essay different scores

[D]the objective test gives each student a fairer chance

4.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the objective test is NOTtrue?

[A]It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring.

[B]It allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.

[C]It shows the student's ability to think about difficult problems.

[D]It is easy and quick to score.

5.According to the author, an ideal test should be ______

[A]an objective test[B]an essay test

[C]a combination of the two[D]something new

1-5:DACCC

Mop:拖把

We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn?t even lift her eyes from the book Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down . While I watched , mouthopen in surprise , Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold . She walked quietl

to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop.She pushed the mop past the desk and as thenurse looked up , Mum nodded and said , ―Very dirty floors .‖

―Yes . I?m glad they ?ve finally decided to clean them , ‖ the nurse answered . She looked at Mum strangely and said , ―But aren?t you working late ?‖

Mum just pushed harder , each swipe of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall . I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book .

After a long time Mum came back . Her eyes were shining . She quickly put the mop back and took my hand . As we turned to go out of the door , Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said , ―Thank you . ‖

Outside ,Mum told me , ― Dagma is fine . No fever. ‖―You see her, Mum?‖

―Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It?s a fine hospital. But the floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush. ‖

1.When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was _________.

A.to clean the floor B.to make the nurse happy

C.to see a patient ( 病人 )D . to surprise the story –teller

2. When the nurse talked to Mum, she thought Mum was a ________.

A.nurse B.visitor C.patient D.cleaner

3. After reading the story , what can we infer ( 推斷 )about the hospital ?

A.It was a children?s hospital.

B.It has strict rules about visiting hours.

C.The nurses and doctors there don?t work hard.

D.A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.

4.Why did Mum go to see Dagma in the hospital?

A.To give her some messages about Dad. B.To make sure her room was clean.

C.To check that she was still there. D.To find out how she was.

5.Which of the following words best describes Mum?

A.clever B.hard –workingC.warm –hearted D.strange

1-5:CDBDA

Migrate（定期遷徙）; landmarks （地面標(biāo)志）

No one knows for sure why birds migrate. One theory of migration says that ancient birds of the northern part of the earth were forced southward during the Ice Age, when ice c

overed large partsof Europe, Asia and North America. As the ice melted, the birds came back to their homelands,

spent the summer, and then went south again in winter. Gradually, these comings and goings became habits, and birds now migrate though much of the ice has gone.

Another theory proposes that the ancient home of all modern birds was the tropic areas. There they lived so well that the region became overcrowded. Many species had to move northward.During the summer, these birds found plenty of room and food. In winter, however, food became scarce and they had to return to the south. A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands （腺） in the bird's body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial daylight. Recoveriesof marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the bird's body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.

This theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at the same time. Each species seems to have its own schedule. The theory would also account for the regular time and routes of migration. Birds arrive at a given place year after year. Unfavorable weather delays them only a few days. Total hours of daylight, rather than weather, start them on the way.

How birds find their way to the same place year after year and why they follow their own particular route are still mysteries. They evidently do not follow known landmarks,for many young birds migrate alone without the help of experienced adults.

1.We can conclude from the first paragraph that ______.

[A]during the Ice Age, the whole Europe was covered with ice

[B]the south used to be the homelands of all birds

[C]scientists can confidently explain why birds migrate now

[D]migration of birds can be explained by the change of ice on earth.

2.The birds mentioned in the third paragraph fly north in midwinter because ______.

[A]they are specially trained by a scientist[B]they are affected by seasonal changes

[C]there is a change in their body temperature [D]they are exposed to extra daylight

3.The phrase"account for" （ Line 2, Para. 4 ） most probably means ______.

[A]indicate [B]explain [C]prove [D]provide

4.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?

[A]Birds do not migrate at the same time.

[B]Birds usually follow regular routes of migration.

[C]Each species has a special reason for migration.

[D]Birds migrate to their own particular places every year.

5.The best title for the passage is ______.

[A]Different Accounts of Migration[B]Migration and Weather

[C]New Discovery of Bird Migration [D]Routes of Bird Migration

1-5:DDBCA

meteorite（流星）

Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us.

Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process

that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine,

when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a largerandom group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and

the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.

It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work.Einstein was right when he said: ―No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.‖ In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteoritefrom Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. AsPresident Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago waspotentially one of the great discoveries of our time.

After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the ―evidence of life‖ was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?

No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by otherscientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back

two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.

1. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to state that ____________.

A) most scientific discoveries are not reliable

B) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results only

C) scientific research is a process filled with reverses and requires slow and patient work

D) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients

2. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.

A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrongB) the end of a process

C) the beginning of a new scientific inquiry D) the soundness of the result

3. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.

A) experiments have proved him right

B) scientists do not need so many experiments

C) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.

D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge

4. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancient life on Mars shows _________.

A) the way human beings learn about nature

B) the failure of the scientific method

C) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another world

D) the excitement brought by scientific findings

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.

A) the process of scientific research B) the results of scientific research

C) the scientists who do the research D) the effects of scientific research on human life

1-5:BCBCB

Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each coursewhich he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirtysix courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between oneuniversity and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regularpractice.

For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressureand strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system doesinvolve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.

1. Normally a student would at least attend __________classes each week.

A) 36B) 12C) 20D) 15

2.According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.

A) to live in a different university

B) to take a particular course in a different university

C) to live at home and drive to classes

D) to get two degrees from two different universities

3.American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.

A) their academic performance will affect their future careers

四級(jí)英語(yǔ)短文篇二：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)背誦短文

01 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and

everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it unti(來(lái)自:www.newchangjing.com 蒲公英文 摘:四級(jí)英語(yǔ)短文)l it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most

training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate

without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.

Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note

perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.

Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical

knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

01語(yǔ)言的音樂(lè)

畫(huà)家,他或她的成品的照片掛在墻上,每個(gè)人都能看到它。作曲家寫(xiě)完了一部作品,但是沒(méi)有人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)它直到它被執(zhí)行。專(zhuān)業(yè)歌手和演員身負(fù)重責(zé),作曲家依賴(lài)于他們。一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)的人一樣,需要經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期艱苦的訓(xùn)練而成為一名演奏家就像醫(yī)科學(xué)生要成為一名醫(yī)生。大多數(shù)的訓(xùn)練都是技術(shù)性的,因?yàn)橐魳?lè)家們都必須肌肉像運(yùn)動(dòng)員和芭蕾舞演員。歌手每天練習(xí)呼吸,因?yàn)樗麄兊穆晭П仨殯](méi)有肌肉的有效控制不足。弦樂(lè)演奏時(shí)感人左手的手指上升和下降,而繪畫(huà)船頭來(lái)回右臂前后完全不同的動(dòng)作。

歌手和樂(lè)器必須使每個(gè)音符完全合調(diào)。鋼琴家就沒(méi)有這煩惱,因?yàn)橐粽{(diào)

早已在那等著他們,鋼琴定調(diào)音師來(lái)調(diào)整儀器。但他們有自己的難點(diǎn);錘打在琴弦鋼琴不聽(tīng)起來(lái)像打擊樂(lè),還有每個(gè)疊音必須發(fā)清晰。

此問(wèn)題弄清楚紋理是困惑學(xué)生教導(dǎo)員:他們必須清楚地知道每個(gè)音符的音樂(lè)和它如何發(fā)音,以及在控制這些聲音目的懂得狂熱而無(wú)私的權(quán)威。

技術(shù)是沒(méi)有用的,除非它是結(jié)合音樂(lè)方面的知識(shí)和理解。偉大的藝術(shù)家是那些語(yǔ)言駕輕就熟的音樂(lè),能演奏寫(xiě)于任何時(shí)代的作品。

02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The

distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than

schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas

schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.

Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an

understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are

definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

02上學(xué)與受教育

人們普遍認(rèn)為在美國(guó)那所學(xué)校是人們受教育的地方。然而,也有一種說(shuō)法,認(rèn)為今天的孩子們上學(xué)打斷了他們受教育。學(xué)校和教育之間的區(qū)別此觀點(diǎn)暗示了是很重要的。

教育是比上學(xué)內(nèi)容更綜合和全面。教育是無(wú)限的。它可以發(fā)生在任何地方,不管在淋浴時(shí)還是在工作中,無(wú)論是在廚房或拖拉機(jī)上。它既包括發(fā)生的正規(guī)教育,在學(xué)校和非正式學(xué)習(xí)的所有領(lǐng)域。教育的代理人可以是德高望重的老者也可以是廣播中辯論政治的政客,可以是小孩也可以是一個(gè)杰出的科學(xué)家。上學(xué)讀書(shū)多少有點(diǎn)可預(yù)見(jiàn)性,而教育往往能帶來(lái)意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。與陌生人偶然的一次談話(huà)可能會(huì)使人認(rèn)識(shí)到自己對(duì)其宗教所知甚少。人們從幼時(shí)起就開(kāi)始受教育。因此,教育是一個(gè)非常豐富的詞。教育是一個(gè)終生的過(guò)程,這個(gè)過(guò)程的開(kāi)始,長(zhǎng)在進(jìn)入學(xué)校之前就開(kāi)始的,應(yīng)該是一種人們整個(gè)生活的組成部分。

從另一方面來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)校教育是一種特定的,正式的過(guò)程,一般模式的預(yù)設(shè)的一點(diǎn)一滴變化到下一個(gè)。在全國(guó),孩子們到學(xué)校在大約相同的時(shí)間,坐在指定的位置,接受一個(gè)成人的教學(xué),使用相同的教材,做作業(yè),考試等等。的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的一些片斷,無(wú)論他們是學(xué)習(xí)字母或?qū)φ�府工作的理�?通常都會(huì)科目范圍的限制被教導(dǎo)。例如,高中生們知道沒(méi)有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的課程中,他們社區(qū)政治問(wèn)題的真相或知道最新上映的試驗(yàn)。有一定條件下的過(guò)程學(xué)校正式教育。

03 The Definition of ―Price‖

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the

―system‖ of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.

If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define ―price‖, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be

known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return

privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total

―package‖ being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

03的定義,―價(jià)‖

價(jià)格決定資源的使用方式。他們還種的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)在買(mǎi)方中的配給有限。美國(guó)的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的價(jià)格所組成的一切產(chǎn)品買(mǎi)賣(mài)經(jīng)濟(jì)中無(wú)數(shù)的服務(wù),包括勞力,專(zhuān)業(yè)人員、交通運(yùn)輸、公共事業(yè)服務(wù)。所有這些價(jià)格的關(guān)系構(gòu)成―系統(tǒng)‖的價(jià)格。任何特定的價(jià)格與產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的一個(gè)廣泛的,復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)的價(jià)格,似乎一切東西都靠或多或少在一切。

如果你問(wèn)一群隨機(jī)選取的個(gè)人定義―價(jià)格‖的時(shí)候,許多人會(huì)回答那個(gè)價(jià)格一定數(shù)量的錢(qián)給買(mǎi)方,賣(mài)方的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù),或,換句話(huà)說(shuō),價(jià)格的錢(qián)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價(jià)值約定在市場(chǎng)交易。該定義就其本身來(lái)說(shuō)自有其去。對(duì)價(jià)格的完整理解在任何一個(gè)特定的交易的,遠(yuǎn)不止涉及的金額一定要知道。買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方不僅應(yīng)熟悉的,但是隨著金額的質(zhì)與量的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù),交流的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)發(fā)生并且交易所將付款方式,這種形式的錢(qián)被使用,本信用證條款和折扣,適用于交易,保證的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù),交貨條件,還權(quán)限,以及其他因素。換句話(huà)說(shuō),買(mǎi)家和賣(mài)家都應(yīng)當(dāng)充分意識(shí)到所有的因素構(gòu)成整個(gè)―包裹‖(―包裹‖用于交換所需資金,以便評(píng)估一個(gè)既定價(jià)格。04 Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been

experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats,

it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive

instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.

05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the

assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as

unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a

suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually

四級(jí)英語(yǔ)短文篇三：2015年四級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文范文_(新東方)

2015四級(jí)寫(xiě)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂十大必背范文

1、網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)現(xiàn)在有些大學(xué)生沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校對(duì)此憂(yōu)心忡忡，

2)但有人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲并非一無(wú)是處，

3)你的看法。

Online Games

As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents.

However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly.

From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a reasonable way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. Yet if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.

2、考證熱

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Certificate Craze on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)近幾年大學(xué)校園內(nèi)出現(xiàn)“考證熱”，

2)產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因，

3)你的看法。

Certificate Craze on Campus

In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Why does this craze appear?

There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon. To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. How can one make himself more competitive? More certificates at hand, maybe. Furthermore, diploma and certificates are still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability. In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.

From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is

nothing but wasting time. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.

3、節(jié)儉

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Extravagant Spending on College Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)很多大學(xué)生每月的花銷(xiāo)越來(lái)越高，根本沒(méi)有節(jié)儉的概念，

2)分析產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因，

3)我的看法。

Extravagant Spending on College Campus

According to a survey, in recent years the monthly expenditure of a college student has been on the sharp rise. Many college students have no concept of thrift in their mind. They take it for granted that they spend money from their parents before they enter into the society. This extravagant spending is primarily caused by the following factors.

First of all, nowadays most of the students are the only children of their families. They are the apple in their family’s eyes and naturally get more care and pocket money. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, parents can afford higher expenditure of their children. Moreover, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tend to need more money. Finally, campus love is also a possible factor causing extravagant spending.

From my point of view, a college student, as a pure consumer, should learn to be thrifty. We should limit our expenditure on daily necessities but not buy whatever we want regardless of their prices. The habit of thrift can help us form right values and is favorable to our future development.

4、社會(huì)實(shí)踐

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Social Practice of College Students. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)各大學(xué)在假期都會(huì)組織學(xué)生參加各種社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，

2)這些活動(dòng)給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)了哪些好處，

3)參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)應(yīng)該注意些什么。

Social Practice of College Students

Nowadays a large number of universities encourage and organize students to take part in social practice activities. During the holidays, students in mounting numbers choose to be the volunteers, take part-time jobs, or take part in other practical activities alike. It is obvious that social practice is playing an increasingly essential role in China’s college education.

Undoubtedly, college students have benefited a lot from social practice. Above all, they are provided with more opportunities to contact the real world outside campus. What is more, in social practice activities, students can apply their theoretical knowledge to the solution to the practical problems. So their practical skills are improved greatly. Besides, social practice helps strengthen students’ sense of social responsibility.

Considering the above-mentioned, it is necessary for college students to participate in social practice. However, social practice may bring some problems. For example, some students spend too much time in taking part-time jobs so as to ignore their study. Hence, we should try to balance the relationship between social practice and study.

5、挫折

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Frustration Education should be Strengthened among College Students. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline：

1)加強(qiáng)挫折教育十分重要，

2)舉例說(shuō)明你的觀點(diǎn)，

3)為了加強(qiáng)挫折教育，我們應(yīng)該······

Frustration Education should be Strengthened among College Students

It is universally acknowledged that college students should be guided correctly to face frustrations in life. Frustration is inevitable during our life, and frustration education should be carried out among colleges and universities. The truth of it is deep and profound.

A great many remarkable illustrations contribute to this argument. A case in point is that there are an increasing number of college students committing suicide each year when confronted with some kind of frustration. This is close to suggest that strengthening frustration education allows of no delay. As a matter of fact, it seems that successful people tend to be good at dealing with frustrations. Moreover, most of the students are often annoyed and discouraged by frustrations instead of drawing lessons.

Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that frustration education is essential to the college students. But what is worth noting is colleges should also provide psychological service for the students while giving frustration education. To conclude, college students should be guided in the right path when facing setbacks in life.

6、報(bào)考公務(wù)員

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Test for Civil Servants. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)近幾年興起了一股報(bào)考公務(wù)員的熱潮，

2)分析產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因，

3)你的看法。

Test for Civil Servants

In recent years, there are people in expanding numbers who have participated in the test for civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.

The following fundamental causes can account for this kind of craze. First and foremost, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, recently, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Last but not least, the high social position of civil servants is a crucial factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it does not do good to the development of our nation. If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Accordingly, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

7、電視選秀

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Attending TV PK Shows Does(or Does no) good to Young People. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)現(xiàn)在各種各樣的電視選秀節(jié)目吸引了許多年輕人，

2)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)明星夢(mèng)，一些年輕人甚至放棄了學(xué)業(yè)，

3)你的看法。

Attending TV PK Shows Does No Good to Young People

Nowadays, TV PK shows are great hits in China and have attracted a large number of adolescents. Some youngsters even give up their studies to attend these shows in the hope of winning their fame overnight. Some people argue that these shows provide young people more chance to show talents, while others assume that attending these shows does no good to the juvenile. As for me, I prefer to the latter opinion.

It should be admitted that some young people like Li Yuchun has stood out from the numerous attendants in the PK show, but that doesn’t mean attending the PK shows is a good way to become successful for teenagers. The following reasons can support my view. First and foremost, TV PK shows breed restlessness and induce young people to hunt after fame at whatever cost. Furthermore, TV PK shows can subvert the youngsters’ values. They cling to the idea that attending the PK shows is a shortcut to success, so they may despise the way of achieving success by hard work. Finally, if the young fail in these shows, they will suffer a psychological unbalance.

In a word, entering for TV PK shows is not a good way for young people to achieve success. I hold the opinion that young people should think twice before deciding to attend PK shows.

8、出國(guó)留學(xué)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Studying Abroad. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1）目前很多中國(guó)學(xué)生出國(guó)留學(xué)，

2）出國(guó)留學(xué)的好處，

3）我的看法。

Nowadays, going abroad for studies is enjoying a striking popularity among adolescents. Importance should be attached to studying abroad.

There are a great many advantages of studying overseas. First and foremost, living and studying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world. On a university campus, international students are likely to encounter their counterparts from various countries and areas and are exposed to diverse ideas and values. What is more, overseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages. There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.

Generally peaking, it is my view that although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful, the payoff is worthwhile. In the first place, in addition to knowledge, overseas students can gain precious experiences that those who stay at home will never have. Furthermore, overseas experience, frustrating and painful as it may be, is conducive to the growth of adolescents.

9、就業(yè)

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1、 大學(xué)生難找工作，

2、 原因很多，

3、 解決的辦法。

Job hunting has always been a headache for college students. Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not. Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.

The reasons for this phenomenon are various. On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities eolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market. On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.

I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures. First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need. Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed. They should go to small cities and country. There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge. In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.

10、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1、 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用的現(xiàn)狀，

2、 大學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，人們的看法不同，

3、 我的看法。

In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. As is known to all, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work’s needs.

On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life. As a college student, I get on line every day to exchange information through e-mails with my net friends. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.

Thus, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. After all，Internet is invented to eich our life, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.

參 考 譯 文

1.

作為現(xiàn)代電腦與網(wǎng)絡(luò)的產(chǎn)物，在線游戲在大學(xué)生中間已經(jīng)變得非常流行。很多學(xué)生喜歡來(lái)自于這些游戲的極大快樂(lè)與滿(mǎn)足。但是我們看到，一些缺乏自律的學(xué)生太沉迷于這些游戲，以至于影響了他們的健康和學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)在教師和家長(zhǎng)中引起極大憂(yōu)慮。

然而，有人認(rèn)為在線游戲并不總是有害。它們可以訓(xùn)練年輕人對(duì)事物的快速反應(yīng)能力。此外，它們可以激發(fā)年輕人的想象與對(duì)電腦的興趣。更為重要的是，它確實(shí)給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)快樂(lè)并極大地減輕他們的壓力。

在我看來(lái)，如果你以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞酵嬖诰�游戲，這是一種極好的娛樂(lè)。當(dāng)它們太影響學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，你最好立即放棄。然而如果你對(duì)他們有足夠的自制，你當(dāng)然可以從中獲得真正的快樂(lè)并受益匪淺。

2.

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