有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施對(duì)烤煙K326產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 為了解有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施對(duì)烤煙K326產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響,研究了在等純氮施用量下,不同比例煙草專(zhuān)用復(fù)合肥和有機(jī)肥的配比對(duì)煙株農(nóng)藝性狀、田間發(fā)病情況、煙葉主要化學(xué)成分及協(xié)調(diào)性、主要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的影響。結(jié)果表明,煙株的株高、葉數(shù)、莖圍、節(jié)距隨有機(jī)肥的增施而增加;增施有機(jī)肥能有效降低病害的發(fā)生,且提高煙株對(duì)煙草普通花葉病和黑脛病的抗病性;增施有機(jī)肥能有效降低煙葉的含糖量,提高氮堿比及鉀含量,提高煙葉產(chǎn)量。綜合來(lái)看,昭陽(yáng)煙區(qū)的最佳肥料配比為純氮105 kg/hm2+當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)煵輰?zhuān)用復(fù)合肥168 kg/hm2+有機(jī)肥3 562.5 kg/hm2+硝酸鉀75 kg/hm2+硫酸鉀225 kg/hm2。
關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;K326;有機(jī)肥;無(wú)機(jī)肥;產(chǎn)量;質(zhì)量
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S572;S147.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739(2017)10-0001-03
Abstract In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tobacco K326,the effect of different ratio of special compound fertilizer for tobacco and organic fertilizer on agronomic characters,field infection situation,main chemical components of tobacco leaf and main economic character were discussed under the condition of applying certain pure nitrogen content. The results showed that the plant height,leaf number,stalk circumference and pitch of tobacco plant increased with the increase of organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the occurrence of disease and increase the resistance of tobacco mosaic virus and black shank disease. The application of organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the sugar content of tobacco leaves,increase the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine and potassium content,and increase the yield of tobacco leaves. Generally,the optimum proportion of Zhaoyang tobacco planting area was pure nitrogen 105 kg/hm2+local special fertilizer for tobacco 168 kg/hm2+organic fertilizer 3 562.5 kg/hm2+potassium nitrate 75 kg/hm2+potassium sulfate 225 kg/hm2.
Key words tobacco;K326;organic fertilizer;chemical fertilizer;yield;quality
煙草是云南的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)及稅收的主要來(lái)源,云南獨(dú)特的地理環(huán)境和生態(tài)條件決定了所產(chǎn)煙葉獨(dú)特的清香味,昭通市是全國(guó)31個(gè)重點(diǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,昭通煙葉以其內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性好、清香型風(fēng)格明顯在卷煙配方中占有重要地位[1]。近年來(lái),由于化肥產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展以及煙農(nóng)在煙葉生產(chǎn)中片面追求產(chǎn)量,長(zhǎng)期大量使用化肥,忽視有機(jī)肥的使用,造成煙田土壤板結(jié),土壤中各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素比例失調(diào)[2],從而導(dǎo)致烤煙生長(zhǎng)的土壤環(huán)境變差,抑制了烤煙產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的提高[3]。由于烤煙特殊的需肥規(guī)律,因此,從施肥角度優(yōu)化肥料結(jié)構(gòu),有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施對(duì)烤煙種植、提高煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。
研究表明,煙葉生產(chǎn)上,合理施用有機(jī)肥,能很好地滿(mǎn)足煙株生長(zhǎng)對(duì)養(yǎng)分的需要,可促進(jìn)煙株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育[4],提高煙葉中鉀含量,改善煙葉品質(zhì)[5]。國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施的研究主要集中在烤煙煙葉產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值、中上等煙比例[6]、煙葉香氣質(zhì)量[7]以及煙葉化學(xué)成分(煙堿、還原糖、氨基酸、飽和脂肪酸、類(lèi)胡蘿卜素、乙醚提取物)的含量與組成、微量元素含量(如Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe、B)等方面。肥料因子在影響烤煙質(zhì)量的眾多因素中最為重要[8],其對(duì)煙葉產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值的貢獻(xiàn)率約為39%,對(duì)煙葉香吃味的貢獻(xiàn)率(24.8%)僅次于品種[9]。而在等純氮施用量有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施對(duì)K326產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響上鮮少研究,本試驗(yàn)旨在研究施純氮105 kg/hm2的基礎(chǔ)上有機(jī)肥與無(wú)機(jī)肥配施對(duì)K326產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響,以期尋求昭通市煙區(qū)最佳的施肥措施,使昭通煙葉能夠滿(mǎn)足工業(yè)品牌的需求,實(shí)現(xiàn)以工業(yè)原料為導(dǎo)向及煙草生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,解決昭通煙葉與中煙重點(diǎn)品牌匹配性低的問(wèn)題。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)地概況
試驗(yàn)于2015年在昭通市昭陽(yáng)區(qū)布嘎鄉(xiāng)花鹿坪村進(jìn)行。地理位置為東經(jīng)103.73°,北緯27.24°,海拔1 994.7 m。試驗(yàn)地土壤類(lèi)型為中壤土,前作為綠肥,土壤肥力中等,在當(dāng)?shù)貙儆谥械人。具體土壤理化性狀:pH值6.3、有機(jī)質(zhì)36.24 g/kg、全氮1.35 mg/kg、堿解氮138.72 mg/kg、全鉀12.09 mg/kg、速效鉀173.54 mg/kg、全磷0.12 mg/kg、速效磷16.22 mg/kg。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:烤煙 無(wú)機(jī) 有機(jī)肥 質(zhì)量 影響
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