英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-02-07 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧篇一:高中英語短文改錯(cuò)題做題技巧探秘
短文改錯(cuò)技巧、
三、歸納短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤類型:
(一) 詞法的測(cè)試
1.名詞:主要是查名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語是否一致。 eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可數(shù)名詞,在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;playing football是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),football只是一種球; sing和listen to 要用動(dòng)名詞形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運(yùn)動(dòng)講是不可數(shù)名詞,do exercise作主語要用動(dòng)名詞形式,謂動(dòng)用單數(shù);healthy是形容詞, 這里要用名詞形式。 3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. 代詞:對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的
內(nèi)容及在句中的作用,注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,?嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代,故應(yīng)將her改為him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行詞前有最高級(jí)修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。
3. 冠詞:英語中只有三個(gè)冠詞,但用起來卻很復(fù)雜,在短文改
錯(cuò)中,錯(cuò)誤不外乎該用冠詞時(shí)沒有用,不該用時(shí)卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things?
letter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改為an
4. 介詞:檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配,
介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配,故應(yīng)將with 改為for.
2) ?I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I ?under 改為 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday.in 改為on
5. 形容詞、副詞:形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯(cuò)行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時(shí)就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞誤
用也是?嫉母腻e(cuò)項(xiàng)目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞no來修飾,而not是副詞,副詞不能修飾名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.(NMET2007)
此處有I’ve ever seen限定,應(yīng)用最高級(jí),故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy.easy 改為easily.
4) These books are very worth reading.用well 修飾
6. 連詞:短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,是否
符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此
外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題
平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but ,
not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根據(jù)上下文意思判斷,前后兩個(gè)并列分句不存在意義上的折,
所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。
7. 動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤
包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤;易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤; 動(dòng)
詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式,以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中,動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。
1) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用過去時(shí).
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根據(jù)本句意義,should后應(yīng)加上been,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing改為 play; for 改為with
2) 易混動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意為“說服”,強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果,而根據(jù)下句 he
didn’t listen可知,勸說并沒有成功,故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,而raise是及物動(dòng)詞,所以舉手應(yīng)用
raise your hands.這屬于及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的誤用。
3) 非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介詞,應(yīng)加動(dòng)名詞,將see改為seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情況下keep均和doing連用,如keep doing sth.;
keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep ?from doing? 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名詞,而不是動(dòng)詞原形,不能直接用to.
8. 詞語固定搭配:
主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、
動(dòng)詞的固定搭配;及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“寫日記”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game?(NMET2005)
此題考查it的功能,It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
4) ?the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析:
not only? but also?為固定結(jié)構(gòu),故將and 改為but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
(一) 詞法的測(cè)試
1. 名詞:主要是查名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語是否一致。
2. 代詞:對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指的
內(nèi)容及在句中的作用,注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,?嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。
3. 冠詞:英語中只有三個(gè)冠詞,但用起來卻很復(fù)雜,在短文改錯(cuò)中,錯(cuò)誤不外乎該用冠詞時(shí)沒有用,不該用時(shí)卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
4. 介詞:檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭
配,介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
5. 容詞、副詞:形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的
地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯(cuò)行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時(shí)就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞誤
用也是常考的改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目之一。
6. 連詞:短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,
是否符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題
平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as。
7. 動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大,它所涉及的
錯(cuò)誤包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤;易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤; 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式,以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。
8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配;及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
(二) 句法的測(cè)試:
1主謂語在數(shù)上的一致;
I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is
2名詞性從句;
A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞,在從句中無任何意義,而后面的賓語從句缺賓語,用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。
3定語從句;
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them改為 which
4強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who?
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that
5句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。
(三)語篇的測(cè)試 語篇的測(cè)試包括:
1上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致;
2上下文中的代詞是否一致;
3上下文中的邏輯是否一致;
4上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。
四、注意問題:
短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)改“錯(cuò)”,而不是把文中的表達(dá)法改成另外的表達(dá)形式。很多考生對(duì)這個(gè)概念比較模糊。把原文中并沒有錯(cuò)的形式改成了自己認(rèn)可的另外一種形式,雖然改后的表達(dá)法也是對(duì)的,但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求,因而也不能得分。
五、復(fù)習(xí)建議:
除了多做改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)外,也要做與短文改錯(cuò)題型相關(guān)的其他練習(xí)。比如:1.在平時(shí)寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯(cuò)誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作,欣賞的同時(shí)也可有意識(shí)地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)行一下“改錯(cuò)”。
3.平時(shí)還可以多進(jìn)行單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí),逐漸體會(huì)和把握短文改錯(cuò)這一題型的規(guī)律。
(一)改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來就改,這一步很關(guān)鍵。這一步的目標(biāo)是了解短文的中心意思,把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件四要素,在通讀全文理解全文的同時(shí)把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯(cuò)誤先改好
(二)分句閱讀,逐行找錯(cuò)。在糾錯(cuò)時(shí)要仔細(xì)地讀懂每一個(gè)句子,這時(shí)就要對(duì)文中的詞法、句法和語篇(詳見考查要點(diǎn))角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及到以上錯(cuò)誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。
(三)做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習(xí)慣的問題。
第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò) (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在此處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從十一處起)不計(jì)分。 I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came∧see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (一) I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For∧long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò) (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在此處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從十一處起)不計(jì)分。
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over
in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try guess its meaning if coming across any.
1.動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤2.冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤 3.名詞使用錯(cuò)誤 4.介詞使用錯(cuò)誤 5.形容詞‘副詞使用錯(cuò)誤
6.連詞使用錯(cuò)誤 7.代詞的誤用 8.引導(dǎo)詞的誤用 9.上下文邏輯錯(cuò)誤
考點(diǎn)設(shè)置:
1.名詞
近幾年短文改錯(cuò)中涉及名詞考點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)是:
1)題量為每年1題;
2)錯(cuò)誤均為本應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,卻用了單數(shù)形式
3)所有要求改動(dòng)的名詞前都無數(shù)詞限定.
2000)She said that she and my schoolmate all??
2001) ?so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2002)On the way up I was busy taking picture.
schoolmate-schoolmates; subject-subjects picture-pictures.
2.并列連詞:
涉及并列連詞考點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)是:“and” , “but”, 或“or”三個(gè)詞的混用而導(dǎo)致句意出現(xiàn)邏輯錯(cuò)誤.
2000) She was smiling but nodding at me.
2001) ?as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
2002)The food was expensive and the service was good.
英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧篇二:高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧
高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧
1.解題步驟
1 瀏覽全文,掌握大意
2 分句閱讀,逐行找錯(cuò)
3 由易到難, 各個(gè)擊破
4 檢查核對(duì),注意方法
詳解:
具體解題步驟:
做短文改錯(cuò)通常遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟:通讀文章,了解大意;逐句分析,行中找錯(cuò);再讀短文,檢查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的順序。
第一步:通讀全文,了解大意。短文改錯(cuò)是考查考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)語篇整體的識(shí)錯(cuò)、糾錯(cuò)能力,必須從全篇考慮,而不能只顧一句或一行。要理解文章的謀篇布局,弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在閱讀過程中,要注意行文邏輯、文章的時(shí)態(tài)以及人稱等。
第二步:逐句分析,行中找錯(cuò)。盡管短文改錯(cuò)是以行設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的,但語言畢竟是以句子為完整意義單位的。所以,可以逐句分析,看看單句是否有錯(cuò);如果有錯(cuò),有幾處錯(cuò)誤,是什么錯(cuò)誤,再看看錯(cuò)誤在哪一行。把“短文改錯(cuò)”轉(zhuǎn)化為“單句改錯(cuò)”,然后再在行中找錯(cuò),這樣就會(huì)降低難度。 第三步:再讀短文,檢查漏洞。做完以后,再把文章閱讀一遍,檢查是否有遺漏情況,尤其注意上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。多讀一遍,就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理順。
2.錯(cuò)誤形式與改法
1 改詞 2 添詞 3 去掉 4 正確
詳解:
1 改詞(6—7個(gè)):在文中該詞下面劃?rùn)M線
( ___ );在題號(hào)后橫線上寫出要改的詞。
2 添詞(1—2個(gè)):在文中標(biāo)上添詞符號(hào)(∧);在題號(hào)后橫線上寫出要添的詞。
3 去掉(1—2個(gè)):在文中用斜線( \ )劃掉該詞;在題號(hào)后寫上要?jiǎng)澋舻脑~,并也用斜線劃掉。
3.解題思路
綜觀近十年的高考短文改錯(cuò)題,不難看出常見的改錯(cuò)十大思路是:一致關(guān)系、連接手段、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞形式、刪除冗言、冠詞使用,名詞數(shù)與格,詞語搭配,詞性分辨,行文邏輯等,F(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考試題對(duì)這十大思路分析如下:
詳解:
一、一致關(guān)系
短文改錯(cuò)中所涉及到的一致關(guān)系包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致和代詞指代一致。謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,代詞所指的內(nèi)容與其先行詞在詞性和數(shù)方面以及與其自身的指代,要在意義上保持一致。
二、連接手段
連接不當(dāng)會(huì)造成上下文不銜接。英語中句與句連接一般使用并列連詞或從屬連詞;蛉舨⒘芯,要判斷句與句之間是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,還是讓步關(guān)系。從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞,若為復(fù)合句,首先應(yīng)判斷內(nèi)含何種從句,然后根據(jù)主、從句之間的關(guān)系判斷連接詞的使用是否正確,是否有遺漏或多余現(xiàn)象,要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。
三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)
平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指兩個(gè)或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的詞、詞組或從句并列在一起的結(jié)構(gòu),在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí),要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu),即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞并列,形容詞與形容詞并列,不定式與不定式并列,短語與短語并列。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not only?but also?,not.. but, either?or?,neither?nor?,as well as等。
四、非謂語動(dòng)詞形式
主要考查不定式符號(hào)to的多余或遺漏,to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào),現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞、動(dòng)名詞等。
五、刪除冗言
造成冗言錯(cuò)誤的原因主要由于漢英表達(dá)上的差異。對(duì)英語慣用語在使用上的細(xì)微差異,主要考程度副詞和頻度副詞。如:much more, often等的多余,介詞的多余,語義的重復(fù),固定搭配中多余的詞以及由于受漢語的影響而多用了某些詞語等。
六、冠詞的使用
冠詞是英語中特有的詞,由于漢語中沒有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,大家對(duì)它的用法感到難以掌握,高考英語短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有,但多數(shù)是考查其基本用法,如不可數(shù)名詞泛指時(shí)前面多冠詞;單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前少冠詞不定冠詞a,an與定冠詞the的錯(cuò)誤使用;固定搭配中冠詞的誤用等等。
七、名詞的數(shù)與格
漢語中的名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。英語則不同,如果英語的名詞是可數(shù)名詞,它有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。一般來講,不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)式。
八、詞語搭配
這主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞,名詞、形容詞的固定搭配,副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配,及物動(dòng)詞后面介詞或副詞的多余以及不及物動(dòng)詞后面缺少介詞,英語中的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)及習(xí)慣搭配等。
九、詞性分辨
根據(jù)詞在句中的位置與其它詞的修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,判斷詞的正確使用形式,根據(jù)詞在句子中不同的句法功能,使用與之相適應(yīng)的詞性。
十、行文邏輯
這主要測(cè)試行文中not的有無;come與leave的誤用;before與after的混用。
詳解:
(1)詞法內(nèi)容。包括名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格,反身代詞,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài),非謂語動(dòng)詞、短語動(dòng)詞的用法,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化形式,形容詞的比較級(jí),形容詞副詞的區(qū)別,介詞的誤用等。
(2)句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致、指代一致,并列連詞,從屬連詞等引導(dǎo)各種從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,感嘆句,疑問句,祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)等。
(3)行文邏輯。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判斷等。
5.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之名詞
命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;
(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.
詳解:
1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(schoolmate改為schoolmates)
2. After class we become stranger at once.(stranger改為strangers)
3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.(subject改為subjects)
4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(picture改為pictures)
5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.(advantage改為advantages)
6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.(ideas改為idea)
7. ) I looked at his other hands. (hands改為hand)
6.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之代詞
命題特點(diǎn):
1.女性代詞指代男性或相反;
2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù);
3.代詞詞性誤用。
改正方法:聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
代詞的錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn):
1.人稱代詞的偷換錯(cuò)誤
2. 缺少人稱代詞的錯(cuò)誤
3. 人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題
4. 人稱代詞格的一致問題
詳解:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his改為their)
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.( who’s改為whose)
It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(them改為us)
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English .(me改為myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .(showed后加it)
Some students may also save up for our college or future use .(our改為their) I took it in me and we walked. (me改為mine)
7.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置之介詞
命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法:介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤,因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤:1)介詞的基本用法;2)習(xí)慣搭配;3)動(dòng)詞詞類確定錯(cuò)誤,如talk,, serve, wait等。
介詞的錯(cuò)誤:
介詞短語常?,
固定搭配要記牢。
介詞后邊跟賓語,
結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。
詳解:
We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(去掉about)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at)
The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.(去掉was后的in)
We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.(with改為about) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. (with改為for)
He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (glass后加in)
英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧篇三:高考英語短文改錯(cuò) 解題技巧
高考英語短文改錯(cuò)
常見錯(cuò)誤類型解題技巧
1. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
每年都有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤的小題,而且改動(dòng)基本集中在一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之間。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)(2003全國(guó)卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was...
84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized (and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國(guó)卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk (根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.85. took
(把照片寄給你,應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)拍好的,用過去時(shí))
(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷,應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在時(shí),謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
單復(fù)數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯(cuò)題的基本題型之一,改動(dòng)的依據(jù)有:一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2003全國(guó)卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was,根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months (several修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
(3)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半,故判斷此處year應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式)
(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages (從there are 判斷應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù))
3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤范圍龐大,解答高考英語改錯(cuò)題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考:1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?/p>
(1)(2004 全國(guó)卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))
(2)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why (復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng))
(3)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.
78. work
(缺謂語動(dòng)詞)
(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.
79. allows
(主語是動(dòng)名詞短語Earning their own money,謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù))
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞,從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。
(1)(2003全國(guó)卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
80. should
(并列謂語,should多余)
(2)(2004 全國(guó)卷)Can you tell me about what I should do?85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是連詞for是介詞,不能并列)
5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。如固定短語中的詞不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國(guó)卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking (enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at (laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.
82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個(gè),從高考英語改錯(cuò)題的角度來看,只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題:1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。
(1)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根據(jù)句義是特指這個(gè)周末)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個(gè)男孩,應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音,應(yīng)該用an)
(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read.82. ∧the (名詞后由從句修飾時(shí),應(yīng)使用定冠詞)
(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China
83. ∧a
7. 代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對(duì)象一致,其運(yùn)用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是復(fù)數(shù),后應(yīng)該用替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞的代詞。)
(3)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their (指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致)
(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點(diǎn)是解答連詞及其相關(guān)問題的關(guān)鍵所在。
(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and (從句意可知,此處表并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and)
(2)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列關(guān)系,“于是、同時(shí)、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應(yīng)一致)
9. 易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞,也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯(cuò)題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy (be easy 非常容易,形容詞做表語)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)(2003全國(guó)卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible (作定語應(yīng)用形容詞)
(5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯(cuò)誤類型的劃分不一定很科學(xué),但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯(cuò)題提供思考方法。一旦考生認(rèn)清了高考英語改錯(cuò)題的特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及錯(cuò)誤類型,解題時(shí)就不會(huì)盲目從事,而能做到有的放矢。
短文改錯(cuò)題常見的錯(cuò)誤類型
1、冠詞的多用、少用、混用。
2、名詞 的數(shù)與格的誤用。
3、主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。學(xué)生往往容易忽視定語從句中強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致性。
4、代詞的指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。代詞的指代一致性包括人稱、數(shù)、格和性四方面的統(tǒng)一。代詞的人稱可分為第一、二、三人稱和非人稱;代詞的數(shù)分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù);代詞的格分為主格、賓格、所有格還有名詞性物主代詞;代詞的性分為陽性、陰性和中性。
5、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的誤用。多數(shù)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、和語氣變化形式,還有上下文的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),主從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
6、非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用。非謂語動(dòng)詞的難點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在V—ing形式和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別、V—ing形式與不定式的用法區(qū)別、以及非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用。
7、形容詞、副詞的混用及其比較等級(jí)的誤用。形容詞一般在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞,作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征;而副詞的作用較復(fù)雜,常常修飾形容詞 、副詞 、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞或全句。形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的誤用現(xiàn)象:①省略不當(dāng);②自身比較;③修飾語的誤用;④than連接的兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象不一致或不平行。
8、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用。關(guān)聯(lián)詞分并列連詞 and,but,or,so,when等,從屬連詞——各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用除涉及到其基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還涉及至行文邏輯關(guān)系。短文改錯(cuò)題慣用的命題手法是:①and,but,or,so等之間的混用;②because與so并用;③although與but并用;④why 與because并用;⑤come與go混用;⑥here與there混用。
9、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指用一連串作用和結(jié)構(gòu)相同的或相似的成份表達(dá)同一范疇或同一性質(zhì)、密切關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容。平行結(jié)構(gòu)有詞之間的平行、詞組之間的平行、句子或從句之間的平行、段落之間的平行。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的并列連詞 有and,but,or,than等。
10、成分的多與少——多一詞或少一詞。多或少的詞語,常見于冠詞、介詞、不定式標(biāo)記to等,不過有時(shí)也可能是實(shí)義詞。在短文改錯(cuò)中常出現(xiàn)repeat back,serve for等錯(cuò)誤。這類錯(cuò)誤大多由于學(xué)生受漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響,或?qū)τ⒄Z詞義的理解不夠準(zhǔn)確造成的。
11、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法和介詞的誤用。短文改錯(cuò)中涉及到固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法常常多用、少用或誤用其中的介詞,有時(shí)也涉及到其中的動(dòng)詞、冠詞的錯(cuò)誤搭配。
短文改錯(cuò)題常見的錯(cuò)誤類型剖析
1、多詞
①多冠詞。I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd。[析]sight是不可數(shù)名詞,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見”。故應(yīng)去掉a。
②多介詞。We practice for three times every week。此例中是作時(shí)間狀語的名詞短語多了介詞,故應(yīng)去掉for
③固定搭配中多詞。I was used to watch it 。此 例屬于used to do 與be used to兩個(gè)固定搭配的誤用,據(jù)句意應(yīng)去was。即“過去常!敝狻
④行文邏輯上多詞。First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first可知是剛剛開始向別人講述自己的事情,故只能說something ,而不要加more.
⑤詞義重復(fù)。I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意為“整個(gè)周末”,再加上all ,詞義重復(fù)。故去all.
⑥出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象。Today I visited the Smiths __my first time
visit to an American family . 本句中first 修飾visit ,vsit 此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問”,time多余。2、缺詞
①名詞前缺限定詞。The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語教師,故應(yīng)English teacher 前加上my ,表達(dá)一個(gè)更確切的概念。
②缺動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to. I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加動(dòng)詞,需to,構(gòu)成固定搭配would like to do something,意為“想做某事”。
③缺系動(dòng)詞。What your favorite sport ?本句缺謂語動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)在What后面加is .
短文改錯(cuò)的解題步驟
1、通讀短文,把握文意?焖匍喿x短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的錯(cuò)誤,切忌拿到短文提筆就改。2、依據(jù)句意和語法逐句判斷。錯(cuò)誤是按行設(shè)置的,但找錯(cuò)不是以行為單位尋找,必須依據(jù)句意和語法分析,逐句或跨行尋找錯(cuò)誤。3、先易后難,逐類排查。先找出比較明顯的錯(cuò)誤,逐步縮小 錯(cuò)誤的范圍。十行之中有一行是正確的。4、利用行文邏輯,突破改錯(cuò)難點(diǎn)。有些行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤,從詞法、句法的角度看是正確的,但是通過上下文的邏輯分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)是錯(cuò)誤的。
5、復(fù)讀短文,檢查答案,注意行文邏輯關(guān)系的正確合理。
6、嚴(yán)格按照試題要求答題,萬萬不能隨心所欲解題。
短文改錯(cuò)的解題技巧
1、利用排除法進(jìn)行短文改錯(cuò),所謂“排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大意基本把握住文章整體時(shí)態(tài)的前提下,行不離句,句不離文,將句子分成若干語段,逐一排除,使錯(cuò)誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)散性思考,從而快速找到答案。
2、發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯(cuò)誤。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)語法上相同的謂語,故應(yīng)把drank改drinking.
3、發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí),比較的對(duì)象等方面的錯(cuò)誤。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根據(jù)上下文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該句含“as??as”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,所以應(yīng)在many前加上as。
4、發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文邏輯,應(yīng)把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英語中兩個(gè)分句之間不能僅僅用逗號(hào),而要用合適的連詞連接。故以上兩個(gè)分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對(duì)比。
5、發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有多重結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯(cuò)誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .該句犯了連詞重復(fù)使用的錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)去掉immediately.
6、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有疑問詞使用不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英語中問價(jià)格時(shí),可用what price 或how much 提問;卮饡r(shí)常用high price low price .所以應(yīng)把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.
7、發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時(shí),就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、發(fā)現(xiàn)有固定短語時(shí),就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯(cuò)誤。如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看見)是固定詞組,所以要去掉a.
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