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Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners .Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

　　Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation(模仿)leads on to deliberate(有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds .

　　1. Before children start speaking________.

　　A .they need equal amount of listening

　　B. they need different amounts of listening

　　C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions

　　D. they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions

　　2. Children who start speaking late ________.

　　A. may have problems with their listening

　　B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

　　C. usually pay close attention to what they hear

　　D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

　　3. A baby’s first noises are ________.

　　A. an expression of his moods and feelings

　　B. an early form of language

　　C. a sign that he means to tell you something

　　D. an imitation of the speech of adults

　　4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech________.

　　A. is important because words have different meanings for different people

　　B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

　　C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

　　D. is one that should be completely ignored(忽略)because children’s use of words is often meaningless

　　5. The speaker implies________.

　　A. parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

　　B. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

　　C. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

　　D. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating.

　　答案解析：BDABD

　　1. 該問題的關鍵在Before start speaking，短文的第一段的第二句話明確給出“Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking”。根據這句話答案選擇B

　　2. 在這個問題中，需要注意的是“who start speaking late”，也就是第一段第二句話中提到的“l(fā)ater starters”。所以回答這個問題還需要在第二句話中尋找答案“l(fā)ater starters are often long listeners�！� long listeners在指的就是often take a long time in learning to listen properly，所以答案選擇D。

　　3.關鍵詞回歸定位，首先要找到 “noises”在第二段，所以需要在這段內容中尋找答案。 在第二段第二句話 “during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. ” 中 我們不難發(fā)現，delight, pain, friendliness這些詞都是表達孩子的情緒和感覺(moods and feelings)，所以答案選擇A。

　　4.在第三段中我們可以找出答案“it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .”這句話的意思是說“一個孩子通過一個單詞要表達的意思會隨著經驗的增多而有所變化”，所以該題的答案選擇B。

　　5.這道題可以用排除法，首先，通過最后一段的這句話“Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself”，我們可以看出，孩子在長大以后會繼續(xù)模仿大人的說話，所以排除B選項;C和D選項的內容在文章中沒有提及。而A選項中提到了 “teach their children new sounds”與最后一段中的最后一句話呼應，所以通過排除法選擇A.

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