步步高短文填空第二冊篇一：【步步高 學(xué)案導(dǎo)學(xué)設(shè)計】2014-2015學(xué)年高中英語(人教版,必修5)課時作業(yè)：Unit 2 Period Two]

Period Two Language Points

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫

1．2．3．Song poems，which I like very much.

4．5．6．7．I hope this ________ (闡明) my position.

8．We have provided seats for the ________(方便) of our customers.

9．We offer you our sincerest wishes for a very ________(令人愉快的) Mother’s Day.

10．Your hand was ________(粗糙的) but strong and warm.

Ⅱ.選詞填空

be known as, make up, as well, link...to..., break away from, look around，to one’s credit, under

construction

1．He will come to Canada next month and of course, his wife will come ________________.

2．Generally speaking, lung disease ________________________ smoking.

3．Oxford ________________________ one of the best universities in the world.

4．It is greatly ________________________ that you have passed such a difficult exam.

5．The boy ________________ a story. It was not true.

6．Some roads are blocked because they are ________________.

7．What can we do to help them to ________________________ the difficult position?

8．Would you please lead me to ________________ your factory?

Ⅲ.詞義辨析

1．用divide (into)或separate (from)的適當(dāng)形式填空。

(1)The geography teacher told us that the world is ________________ seven continents.

(2)Police tried to ________ the two men who were fighting.

(3)We’d better ________ the good ones ________ the bad ones.

(4)The children ________ the money among(between) them last night.

2．用worth, worthy或worthwhile填空。

(1)Hangzhou is a beautiful place and it is ________ to go there.

(2)The book is ________ reading.

(3)The place is ________ of a visit.

(4)This novel is ________ of being translated.

Ⅳ.單項填空

1．The lecture given by the professor ________ the students’ attention.

A．paid B．a(chǎn)ttractedC．pushed D．used

2．It’s said that the team ________ twelve top European players.

A．consists of B．is consisted of C．made up of D．make up of

3．The difficulty she had________her three children was solved by the local government.

A．feed B．fed C．to feed D．feeding

4．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.

A．smoke B．smokingC．to smoke D．smoked

5．An awful accident________，however，occur the other day.

A．does B．did C．has to D．had to

6．Alice, as well as two boys, ________ for having broken the rule.

A．was punishedB．punished C．were punished D．have been punished

7．The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while

retelling a story.

A．bring outB．let out C．leave out D．make out

8．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without________his notes.

A．bringing up B．referring toC．looking forD．trying on

9．He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________he is tired out.

A．There is no pointB．There is no need C．It is no wonder D．It is no way

10．Come and see me whenever________.

A．you are convenient B．you will be convenient

C．it is convenient to youD．it will be convenient to you

Ⅴ.完形填空

One afternoon I toured an art museum and I was looking forward to a quiet view of the wife’s jacket.

“He’s a __10__ man，” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would give in if we were 發(fā)誓) he wouldn’tbefore he and his wife come in whenever there’s”

“But what does he get out of the art？” I asked. “He can’t see.”

“Can’t see! You’re __14__. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said. “His wife young walk away hand in hand.

1．A.continuously B．secretly C．silently D．carefully

2．A.said B．warned C．decided D．a(chǎn)ppreciated

3．A.hated B．a(chǎn)dmired C．ignored D．expected

4．A.Delighted B．Satisfied C．Moved D．Annoyed

5．A.met B．quarreled C．observed D．compared

6．A.soft B．constant C．broken D．weak

7．A.taking B．bringing C．producing D．making

8．A.glared B．stared C．noticed D．glanced

9．A.tapped B．felt C．forced D．kept

10．A.patient B．unlucky C．brave D．clever

11．A.dying B．blinded C．deaf D．wordless

12．A.improve B．end C．complete D．change

13．A.play B．a(chǎn)rt C．a(chǎn)rchitecture D．car

14．A.wise B．foolish C．intelligent D．wrong

15．A.paints B．buys C．a(chǎn)dmires D．describes

16．A.spirits B．ears C．head D．soul

17．A.learned B．told C．judged D．considered

18．A.bravery B．patience C．politeness D．coldness

19．A.hearing B．sight C．complaint D．delay

20．A.shown B．valued C．shared D．received

1．consist of “由……組成，由……構(gòu)成”，不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，也不用于被動語態(tài)。

2．convenient adj.方便的，合適的，不用人作主語。

Is it convenient for/to you if I come at 6 p．m.?

如果我下午6點來，你方便嗎？

答案

Ⅰ.1.unite 2.credits 3.collection 4.attracted 5．a(chǎn)ccomplish 6.countryside 7.clarifies

8．convenience 9.enjoyable 10.rough

Ⅱ.1.as well 2.is linked to 3.is known as 4.to your credit 5.made up 6.under construction 7.break away from 8.look around

Ⅲ.1.(1)divided into (2)separate (3)separate；from (4)divided

[divide指把一個整體“劃分”成若干份。常用的詞組有divide...into，一般是通過切、割、劈等手段，把一個大的整體分成幾個小的部分。separate指把原來連在一起或靠近的事物“分隔”開來，常用的詞組有separate...from。]

2．(1)worthwhile (2)worth (3)worthy (4)worthy

[worth，形容詞，“有……價值，值得……的”，后接價值數(shù)量詞、名詞和代詞和動名詞(主動形式表被動)作表語，用well修飾。worthy表示“值得尊敬(稱贊)的”時，作定語。表示“值……的”時，作表語，常用be worthy of＋名詞/動名詞的被動式、不定式的被動式。worthwhile既可作表語，也可作定語。它表示某事因為重要、有趣或受益大而值得花時間、錢財或努力去做好，一般作“值得做的，有意義的”講。常用于句型：It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.。]

Ⅳ.1.B [attract one’s attention“吸引某人的注意力”。]

2．A [consist of＝be made up of“由……組成”。]

3．D [這是對have difficulty (in) doing sth.句式的考查。the difficulty 為先行詞，后面省略了關(guān)系代詞that，that在定語從句中作had的賓語。]

4．B [句意為：若廚師當(dāng)場被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房內(nèi)吸煙會被立即開除。find后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示分詞動作正在進(jìn)行。]

5．B [由時間狀語the other day可知，句中必須用過去式，排除A、C兩項，D項意義不當(dāng)。此處應(yīng)選B項表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。句意為：不過，前幾天的確發(fā)生了一次可怕的事故。]

6．A [由題意可知此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故排除B項；主語后有together with, along with, as well as等短語時，謂語動詞不受這些短語影響，仍與主語一致，故選A。]

7．C [句意為：老師再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生們在復(fù)述故事時不要漏掉任何重要的細(xì)節(jié)。leave out遺漏，符合題意。bring out拿出，取出；let out發(fā)出(叫喊聲等)；make out看清楚，辨認(rèn)出。]

8．B [句意為：總裁在商業(yè)會議上演講了將近一個小時沒有看他的演講稿。refer to 有“參考，查閱”的意思。]

9．C [句意為：他已經(jīng)三天沒睡覺了。難怪他非常疲勞。There is no point 表“沒有意義”；There is no need 表“沒有必要”；(It is) no wonder (that)表“難怪”。]

10．C [句意為：無論何時你方便，都可以來看我。注意 convenient的主語不可以是人，而且還要遵守“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)則，從句應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替將來時。故選C。]

Ⅴ.1.A [由上文“我”盼望著能在安靜的環(huán)境下欣賞作品，以及下文“我”走開，可知這對夫婦不停地(continuously)說話。secretly表示“秘密地”；silently表示“不出聲地，默默地”；carefully表示“仔細(xì)地”。]

2．C [經(jīng)過觀察，“我”斷定(decide)是這位妻子一個勁地說。say表示“說”；warn表示“警告”；decide表示“斷定”；appreciate表示“感激”。由句意可知C項為最佳答案。]

3．B [由空后的“his patience for putting up with her talkativeness”可知一個男人能夠忍受妻子的喋喋不休是需要耐心的，因此“我”對這位丈夫表現(xiàn)出的耐心很是欽佩(admire)，而不是

hate(不喜歡)，ignore(忽略)或expect(期望)。]

4．D [由下文“我繼續(xù)向前走”可知，“我”一直被他們的談話所干擾，因此應(yīng)用annoyed(打擾，干擾)。delighted表示“高興的”；satisfied表示“使?jié)M意”；moved表示“使感動”。]

5．A [meet with為固定短語，意思是“不期而遇”。上下文并沒有提到作者與這對夫婦“吵架”、“觀察”或“比較”。]

6．B [constant表示“連續(xù)不斷的”，與下文的flood吻合。soft表示“柔和的，軟的”；broken表示“破碎的”；weak表示“虛弱的”。]

7．D [make a purchase為固定短語，意思是“買東西”，此時不能用動詞take, bring或produce。]

8．C [“我”正在禮品店買東西，這時我注意到(noticed)這對夫婦朝出口走去。glare表示“凝視；怒視”；stare表示“盯著看”；glance表示“瞥一眼，掃視”，這三個詞都和介詞at連用后加賓語。]

9．A [tap表示“輕敲”，此處表示他用拐杖輕敲著前進(jìn)。feel表示“感覺”，force表示“強(qiáng)迫”，keep表示“保持”；均與句意不符。]

10．C [下文提到，一般人這么年輕失明之后就會放棄了，而他卻沒有。因此稱贊他勇敢，而不是稱贊他有耐心、不幸或聰明。]

11．B [由下文“我”說的“He can’t see”，以及短文倒數(shù)第二句話中的“blindness”可推知答案為blinded。]

12．D [他堅信自己不會因此而改變(change)。improve表示“提高”；end表示“結(jié)束”；complete表示“完成”，均與下文的含義不符。]

13．B [由首句中的an art museum以及下一句中的art可推知答案。]

14．D [由下文的“他看到很多”可知“我”錯了，此處不能表達(dá)為“我聰明/愚蠢/有智慧”。]

15．D [由上文他妻子滔滔不絕地說話以及最后一段第二句話中的“a young wife describing paintings...”可得出答案。]

16．C [通過妻子的描述，盲人丈夫應(yīng)在頭腦中想象出畫展的情況。]

17．A [learn在此處的含義為“了解，得知”，此處表達(dá)作者通過這件事所受到的啟發(fā)。而tell表示“告訴”；judge表示“判斷”；consider表示“考慮”。]

18．B [一開始“我”以為丈夫有耐心傾聽妻子的喋喋不休，此時才明白為丈夫詳細(xì)描述每一幅畫的妻子才真正有耐心。]

19．B [由上文可知那位丈夫是個盲人，因此此處應(yīng)用sight表示沒有“視力”的人。]

20．C [夫妻之間的真愛應(yīng)是兩人“共同分享的”愛，這與本文的內(nèi)容相符。show是“展示”的含義；value表示“珍愛，重視”；receive表示“收到”。]

步步高短文填空第二冊篇二：步步高《一頁通》2017版浙江選考考前特訓(xùn)英語總復(fù)習(xí)：第二部分 組合練(一-二十)

組合練(一)

Ⅰ.七選五

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 (2016·湖南岳陽二模) yhasbeeepeatedtimean(來自:www.newchangjing.com 蒲公英文 摘:步步高短文填空第二冊)dagain.Itallowsustolearnfromthepast

boththemistakesmadeandthesuccessesachieved.

Oneofthebenefitsofhistoryisreadinghowotherpeoplebothfamousandtotallyunknownhaveovercometremendouschallengesintheirlife.Thesechallenges，althoughparticulartoaperson，，ortoacertaintimeinthepast，oroccurringinadifferentcountryorculture，cess.

Or，，hedidnotletthosefailuresstophim.HehadadreamandhejustkepttryingdifferentthingsuntilhedidreachsucconsiderthestoryofAbrahamLincolnwhomanagedtobecomePresidentoftheUnitedStateseventhoughhesufferedmanysetbacksandpersonallosses.MostofusonlyrealizethesuccessofMr.LincolnbecomingPreshatobstacleswehaveinlife.

A．Historyhasalotofinfluenceonus.

B．TakeforexamplethestoryofThomasEdison.

C．Historyhassomeveryuniquequalitiesaboutit.

D．Iamsurehewasdiscouragedbyhismanyfailures.

E．Theyconveywisdomintheirshortstoriesofperseverance.

F．Fewofusknewaboutthemanychallengeshehadtoovercome.

G．Onlythosewithcouragetofacechallengescanhopetolivetheirdreams.

Ⅱ.語法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

(2016·山東日照模擬)

Formanyyoungpeople，goingtouniversityisoneofthemostimportant6.________(stage) oftheirlives.Itisthetimewhenyoungpeoplewillmoveoutof7.________(they)

homestolivewithotherpeople，oftenstrangers.8.________(especial) intheU．S，peopleoftentravelveryfar9.________hometostudy.Itisatimetobe10.________(independence)．

Atuniversity，youwill11.________(teach) bylecturesandprofessorswhoareleadingfiguresintheirstudy.Theopportunitytolearnfromandtodiscusswiththemis12.________drivessomepeopletoapplytouniversity.Studentsarerequiredtochooseamajorthattheywishtostudy.Apartfromthe13.________(academy) benefit，lifeatuniversityalsocanallowstudents14.________(develop) theirinterestsinmanyfields.

Therefore，universityisaplace15.________youattainknowledge，todevelopyourvaluesandtoacceptthosewhomaybedifferent.

Ⅲ.概要寫作

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Movingtoanewneighborhood，town，state，orevencountrycanbeaprettyscaryexperience.Allyouknowisthatthingswillbedifferentandchancesarethatyouwon’tknowthekidsatyournewschool.

Theexperiencesthatgowithmovingmakemanykidsfeelnervousandworried.Thisisperfectlynormalbutdon’tlettheseemotionsoverrunyourthoughts!

Youwillsoongetusedtoyoursurroundingsandfindnewfriendsatyournewschool.

Leavingoldfriendsandfamiliarplacesbehindcanbedifficult.However，asyoubeginthemovingprocess，keepinmindthatsayinggoodbyetoyouroldhouse，school，

！

，andfriendsdoesnotmeanthatyouhavetoforgetthemorthatyourfarewellispermanentIfyou’removingtoanewstateorevenadifferentcountryandwon’tseeyourfriendsforalongtime

don’tdespair.

Makesuretoaskeveryonefortheiraddresssoyoucanwritethemletters.Also，thankstotheInternet，itisveryeasytostayintouchwithyouroldfriendsthroughe-mailorinstantmessagingtechnologies.Withyourparent’spermission，youcanevencreateablogorwebpagetochronicle(

，記載) ，

，allofyournewexperiences.Includeyourthoughtsevenpicturesofnewfriends，talesofyournewadventuresyournewhouse

andnewtown.Youroldfriendswillloveseeingwhatyouarebusywith.

Manyschoolshaveanorientation(培訓(xùn))programwhereastudenthasalreadyestablishedatschoolshowsanewstudentaroundfortheirfirstweek.Thiscanhelpyoutofindyourwayaroundtheschoolandtomakenewfriendsfaster.

Whilemovingistoughonkidsofanyage，highschoolcounselorKarenTurnersaysmovingcanbeparticularlydifficultforteens.“Ithinkmovingduringadolescentsisanextremelystressfulexperience，especiallyifyouareintoyourjuniorhighorsenioryear.Studentstendtohaveestablishedaverystrongpeernet

workduringthatperiodintheirlives.Oftenthishasmoreinfluenceonthemeventhantheirfamiliesinsomecases，andwhentheyaretornfromthatthere’softeesentment(怨氣)．”However，Turneraddsthatwhilemovingisn’teasy

therearethingsthatyourparentsandtheschoolcandotohelpyoudealwiththechange.

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組合練(二)

Ⅰ.七選五

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 (2016·廣東東莞六校聯(lián)考)

TipsforSummerReading

Summerholdsmanyofmystrongestandmostpowerfulreadingmemories.Iremembersittingunderatreeinthebackyardasachild，，readingAnneofGreenGablesastheshadowscrossedthegrass.Iremembersittinginthebackseatofthecaronalongfamilyroadtrip，ofsummerreading，Makechildrenthecurators(管理人)oftheirreadinglives. “chiefcurators”ofthebloginturnsothatoverthecourseofthesummereachofthemtakesontheresponsibilityofreplyingtopostsandhighlightingapopulartitle. Taking“curiositywalks”isafantasticwaytobringinformationaltextintoachild’sreadinglist.Thesewalksalsoprovideopportunitiesforauthenticwriting.Havechildrentakeaninspirationnotebookonaclasswalkoutsideandwritedownanythingtheyseethattheywouldliketolearnmoreabout.

Makereadingmorelikesummercamp.

Let’scombinereadingwithhands-onactivitiesandmakereadingmorelikesummercamp.Wecantakefiel

tcreationintoshareonthefirstdaysofschool.

A．Itwillsetthestageforacademicsuccess.

B．Bringtheoutdoorsbackintosummerreading.

C．Selectsomebooksandsharethemwithyourstudents.

D．Setupasummerblogsoyoucanallsharerecommendations.

E．Thesememoriesbecameimportantsteppingstonesinmylife.

F．Itisimportanttobuildandshapeastrongreadinglifeduringschoolmonths.

G．Wecanaskourstudentstocreatesomethingiesponsetooneofthebooksthey’veread.

Ⅱ.語法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

(2016·廣州高考模擬)

AlthoughSocrates(蘇格拉底) waspoorallhislife，

，heneveraskedhispupilstopayfortheirlessons.Hetaught6.________theloveofwisdom

notformoney.And7.________hehadtosaywasalwaysnewandworthhearing.Allhispupilslovedhim. Buthisunusualwaysofteachingandhisdemandthatstudentsalwaysaskquestionsmadehimsome8.________(danger) enemies.Therulersdidnotwanttobequestioned.Sothey9.________(false) accusedSocratesofteachingyoungmenbadthingsand10.________(lead) themtoignorereligion.Infact，Socrateswasaveryreligiousman.Hisenemieshadhim11.________(arrest)

andhewassentencedtodeathbypoisoning.

Duringthe30daysbeforehewasputtodeath，hisfriendsandpupils12.________(allow) ，tovisithiminhisprison.Theywereastonishedtofindthat13.________wascalmandcheerful.Hehadnofearofdying.WhenthedeadlypoisonwasfinallybroughttoSocrates，hisfriendswerein14.________(tear)，butSocratesseemedtobethe15.________(brave)

manintheroom.Heraisedthecupanddrankitasifitwereaglassofbanquetwine.

Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。

Itwasasunnyday，andtheclimatewasenjoyable.Everyoneintherailwaystationwaswaitingforthetraintoarrive.Amongthecrowd，Itwasabusystationwithjuiceshop，mobilerestaurants，coffeeandteastalls，newspapershop，restaurants

aintotheirappropriateplaces. seatsbeforeanyonecouldgetintothetrain. ，

erunningtocatchthetrain.Theyenteredthetrainandthetrainstartedtomove.Theyhadtheirseatsjustnexttothefriends’group. Heshoutedathisfather，“Dad，thetrainismovingandthethingsaremovingbackwards.” Asthetrainstartedmovingfast，theyoungboyagainscreamed，“Dad，thetreesaregreenincolourandrunbackwardveryfast.”Hisfathersaid，“Yes，dear.”andsmiled. Justlikeakid

hewaswatchingeverythingwithgreatenthusiasmandhappinessloadedwithtonsofsurprises. ，，“Iwanttoeatapples.”Hisfatherboughthimapples.Hesaid，“Ohapplelookssosweetthanittastes；”

注意：

1．所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2．應(yīng)使用5個以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；

3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；

4．續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。

Paragraph1：

Thegroupofyoungstersstartedmakingsomenoise._______________________________

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Paragraph2：

Thefatheroftheyoungboyagainsmiled.______________________________________

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步步高短文填空第二冊篇三：第五章 第2講 【2016化學(xué)大一輪步步高答案】

第2講 元素周期律和元素周期表

[考綱要求] 1.掌握元素周期律的實質(zhì)；了解元素周期表(長式)的結(jié)構(gòu)(周期、族)及其應(yīng)用。2.以第三周期為例，掌握同一周期內(nèi)元素性質(zhì)的遞變規(guī)律與原子結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系。3.以ⅠA和ⅦA族為例，掌握同一主族內(nèi)元素性質(zhì)遞變規(guī)律與原子結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系。4.了解金屬、非金屬在元素周期表中的位置及其性質(zhì)的遞變規(guī)律。

考點一 元素周期表

1．世界上第一張元素周期表是在1869斷發(fā)展，已逐漸演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的常用形式。

2．原子序數(shù)：按照元素在周期表中的順序給元素編號，數(shù)＝質(zhì)子數(shù)＝核外電子數(shù)。 3．編排原則

(1) (2) 4．元素周期表的結(jié)構(gòu)

5．元素周期表中的特殊位置 (1)分區(qū)

①分界線：沿著元素周期表中鋁、鍺、銻、釙與硼、硅、砷、碲、砹的交界處畫一條斜線，即為金屬元素區(qū)和非金屬元素區(qū)分界線(氫元素除外)。

②各區(qū)位置：分界線左面為金屬元素區(qū)，分界線右面為非金屬元素區(qū)。 ③分界線附近元素的性質(zhì)：既表現(xiàn)金屬元素的性質(zhì)，又表現(xiàn)非金屬元素的性質(zhì)。

(2)過渡元素：10個縱列共六十多種元素，這些元素都是金屬元素。

(3)57號元素鑭到71號元素镥共15種元素。 (4)89號元素錒到103號元素鐒共15種元素。

(5)超鈾元素：在錒系元素中92號元素鈾(U)以后的各種元素。 結(jié)構(gòu)巧記口訣

橫行叫周期，現(xiàn)有一至七，四長三個短，第七尚不滿。 縱列稱為族，共有十六族，一八依次現(xiàn)，一零再一遍。 一縱一個族，Ⅷ族搞特殊，三縱算一族，占去8、9、10。 鑭系與錒系，蝸居不如意，十五擠著住，都屬ⅢB族。 說明 ①指ⅠA、ⅡA、ⅢB、ⅣB、ⅤB、ⅥB、ⅦB、Ⅷ； ②指ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢA、ⅣA、ⅤA、ⅥA、ⅦA、0。 深度思考

1．下面的虛線框中每一列、每一行相當(dāng)于元素周期表的每一族和每一周期，但它的列數(shù)和行數(shù)都多于元素周期表。請在下面的虛線框中用實線畫出元素周期表第一至第六周期的輪廓，并畫出金屬與非金屬的分界線和第Ⅷ族的輪廓。

①

②

答案

2．(1)甲、乙是元素周期表中同一主族相鄰周期的兩種元素(其中甲在上一周期)，若甲的原子序數(shù)為x，則乙的原子序數(shù)可能是________________。

(2)若甲、乙分別是同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅦA族元素，原子序數(shù)分別為m和n，則m和n的關(guān)系為________。

答案 (1)x＋2、x＋8、x＋18、x＋32 (2)n＝m＋5、n＝m＋15、n＝m＋29

解析 (1)因前六周期中元素的數(shù)目分別為2、8、8、18、18、32；同一主族中乙的原子序數(shù)可以是x＋2、x＋8、x＋18、x＋32。(2)對于第一、二、三周期，同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅦA族元素的原子序數(shù)只相差5，而對于第四、五周期來說，由于存在過渡元素，同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅢA族元素的原子序數(shù)則相差15；而對于第六、七周期來說，由于存在鑭系和錒系元素，同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅦA族元素的原子序數(shù)則相差29。

3．若A、B是相鄰周期同主族元素(A在B上一周期)，A、B所在周期分別有m種和n

種元

素，A的原子序數(shù)為x，B的原子序數(shù)為y，則x、y的關(guān)系為________________。 答案 y＝x＋m或y＝x＋n

解析 當(dāng)A、B在 Ⅰ A族和 Ⅱ A族時，y＝x＋m，當(dāng)A、B在ⅢA～ⅦA族時，y＝x＋n。

1.如圖為元素周期表中前四周期的一部分，若B元素的核電荷數(shù)為x，則這五種元素的核電荷數(shù)之和為 ( )

A．5x＋10 B．5x C．5x＋14 D．5x＋16 答案 A 解析

2．已知X、Y、Z三種主族元素在元素周期表中的位置如圖所示，設(shè)X的原子序數(shù)為a。則下列說法不正確的是( )

A.Y與Z的原子序數(shù)之和可能為2a B．Y的原子序數(shù)可能為a－17 C．Z的原子序數(shù)可能為a＋31 D．X、Y、Z一定為短周期元素 答案 D

解析 由題給信息可知，X、Y、Z只能位于元素周期表中過渡元素區(qū)域的右邊，則：若X、Y、Z同為短周期元素，由X的原子序數(shù)為a可知，Y的原子序數(shù)為a－8＋1＝a－7，Z

的原

子序數(shù)為

a

＋8－1＝a＋7，A正確；若X為長周期非金屬元素，Y為短周期非金屬元素，則Y的原子序數(shù)可能為a－18＋1＝a－17，B正確；若Z為第六或第七周期元素，因存在鑭系和錒系元素，則Z的原子序數(shù)可能為a＋32－1＝a＋31，C正確。

元素周期表結(jié)構(gòu)中隱含的兩條規(guī)律

1．同周期主族元素原子序數(shù)差的關(guān)系 (1)短周期元素原子序數(shù)差＝族序數(shù)差。

(2)兩元素分布在過渡元素同側(cè)時，原子序數(shù)差＝族序數(shù)差。兩元素分布在過渡元素兩側(cè)時，四或五周期元素原子序數(shù)差＝族序數(shù)差＋10，六周期元素原子序數(shù)差＝族序數(shù)差＋24。 (3)四、五周期的ⅡA與ⅢA族原子序數(shù)之差都為11，六周期為25。 2．同主族、鄰周期元素的原子序數(shù)差的關(guān)系

(1)ⅠA族元素，隨電子層數(shù)的增加，原子序數(shù)依次相差2、8、8、18、18、32。 (2)ⅡA族和0族元素，隨電子層數(shù)的增加，原子序數(shù)依次相差8、8、18、18、32。 (3)ⅢA～ⅦA族元素，隨電子層數(shù)的增加，原子序數(shù)依次相差8、18、18、32。

考點二 元素周期律及應(yīng)用

1．定義

元素的性質(zhì)隨原子序數(shù)的遞增而呈周期性變化的規(guī)律。 2．實質(zhì)

元素原子核外電子排布周期性變化的結(jié)果。 3．具體表現(xiàn)形式

4.元素金屬性強(qiáng)弱的比較

(1)結(jié)構(gòu)比較法：最外層電子數(shù)越少，電子層數(shù)越多，元素金屬性越強(qiáng)。 同周期：從左到右，元素金屬性減弱??

(2)位置比較法?同主族：從上到下，元素金屬性增強(qiáng)

??左下右上位：左下方元素金屬性較強(qiáng)

?的對應(yīng)元素金屬性強(qiáng)

?依與水、酸反應(yīng)的難易或劇烈程度：越易反應(yīng)或反應(yīng)?越劇烈，對應(yīng)元素金屬性越強(qiáng)

依單質(zhì)的還原性強(qiáng)弱：還原性越強(qiáng)，對應(yīng)元素的金屬?性越強(qiáng)

(3) 實驗比較法?依陽離子氧化性的強(qiáng)弱：氧化性越弱，對應(yīng)元素的金

?屬性越強(qiáng)

?依單質(zhì)與同一物質(zhì)反應(yīng)的難易程度：越易進(jìn)行反應(yīng)，對應(yīng)元素的金屬性越強(qiáng)

?依原電池正負(fù)極：一般來說，作負(fù)極的金屬對應(yīng)元素?的金屬性強(qiáng)

5．元素非金屬性強(qiáng)弱的比較

(1) 同周期：從左到右，非金屬性增強(qiáng)??

(2)位置比較法?同主族：從上到下，非金屬性減弱

??左下右上位：左下方元素非金屬性較弱

依最高價氧化物對應(yīng)水化物堿性強(qiáng)弱比較：堿性強(qiáng)

?的對應(yīng)元素非金屬性強(qiáng)

?依與H反應(yīng)的難易或劇烈程度：越易反應(yīng)或反應(yīng)越?劇烈，對應(yīng)元素非金屬性越強(qiáng)

依單質(zhì)的氧化性強(qiáng)弱：氧化性越強(qiáng)，對應(yīng)元素的非金?屬性越強(qiáng)

(3) 實驗比較法?依簡單陰離子的還原性強(qiáng)弱：還原性越弱，對應(yīng)元素

?的非金屬性越強(qiáng)

依單質(zhì)與同一物質(zhì)反應(yīng)的難易程度：越易進(jìn)行反應(yīng)，?對應(yīng)元素的非金屬性越強(qiáng)

?依置換反應(yīng)：非金屬性較強(qiáng)的元素單質(zhì)能置換出非?金屬性較弱的元素單質(zhì)

2

依最高價氧化物對應(yīng)水化物酸性強(qiáng)弱比較：酸性強(qiáng)

6．元素周期表、元素周期律的應(yīng)用

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